Abstract
The link between scoliotic deformity and body composition assessed with bioimpedance (BIA) has not been well researched. The objective of this study was to correlate the extent of scoliotic-curve severity with the anthropometrical status of patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) based on standard anthropometric measurements and BIA. The study encompassed 279 IS patients (224 girls/55 boys), aged 14.21 ± 2.75 years. Scoliotic curve severity assessed by Cobb’s angle was categorized as moderate (10°–39°) or severe (≥40°). Corrected height, weight, waist and hip circumferences were measured and body mass index (BMI), corrected height z-score, BMI Z-score, waist/height ratio (WHtR) and waist/hip ratio (WHR) were calculated for the entire group. Body composition parameters: fat mass (FAT), fat-free mass (FFM) and predicted muscle mass (PMM) were determined using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. The mean Cobb angle was 19.96° ± 7.92° in the moderate group and 52.36° ± 12.54° in the severe group. The corrected body heights, body weights and BMIs were significantly higher in the severe IS group than in the moderate group (p < 0.05). Significantly higher FAT and lower FFM and PMM were observed in the severe IS group (p < 0.05). The corrected heights and weights were significantly higher in patients with severe IS and normal weight (p < 0.01). Normal and overweight patients with a severe IS had significantly higher adiposity levels assessed by FAT, FFM and PMM for normal and BMI, BMI z-score, WHtR, FAT and PMM for overweight, respectively. Overweight IS patients were significantly younger and taller than underweight and normal weight patients. The scoliotic curve severity is significantly related to the degree of adiposity in IS patients. BMI z-score, WHtR and BIA seem to be useful tools for determining baseline anthropometric characteristics of IS children.
Highlights
Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is the most common form of spinal deformity in the developmental period.The main problem in this group of patients is the possibility of deformity progression
The scoliotic curve severity is significantly related to the degree of adiposity in IS patients
Spinal deformity correlates with fat mass (FAT), fat-free mass (FFM), PPM, in the same positive manner in both overweight and normal weight subgroups, whilst in underweight IS children, a significant correlation was found only for the body mass index (BMI) z-score and W/Ht but in the opposite negative way
Summary
Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is the most common form of spinal deformity in the developmental period. The main problem in this group of patients is the possibility of deformity progression. Recently published data showed that body composition may be an important factor in IS development [8,9]. Correct body composition, consisting of both adipose tissue and fat free mass, is essential for normal growth and stabilization of the skeletal system, especially the vertebral column. The nutritional status in children is normally assessed by means of height, weight and body mass index (BMI). The obtained results have to be interpreted according to the percentile charts for each parameter. This way of anthropometrical analysis does not assess the body composition and adipose tissue distribution
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