Association of blood groups/Rh and diabetes mellitus in Karachi city, Pakistan.

M Ghafar,S Khwaja,A Karim,A Akram,S I Hussain,M Zahid

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.252952

Abstract

The main purpose of this study was to find out a possible association between ABO blood groups or Rh and diabetes mellitus (DM) in the local population of eight (8) different towns of Karachi, Pakistan. For this purpose a survey was carried out in Karachi to have a practical observation of these towns during the period of 9 months from June 2019 to Feb. 2020. Out of eighteen (18) towns of Karachi, samples (N= 584) were collected from only eight (8) Towns of Karachi and gave a code-number to each town. Diabetic group sample was (n1=432) & pre-diabetes sample was (n2 =152). A standard Abbot Company Glucometer for Random Blood Sugar (RBS) and Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) tests, standard blood anti sera were used for ABO/Rh blood type. Health assessment techniques were performed ethically by taking informed consent from all registered subjects. Finally data was analyzed by SPSS version 20.0. In our current study, the comparison of ABO blood groups frequencies between diabetic and pre-diabetic individuals were carried out. The percentage values of blood Group-B as given as: (32% in DM vs. 31% in pre-diabetics), followed by blood Group-O as: (18% in DM vs. 11% in pre-diabetics). Contrary to Group-"B" & "O", blood Group-A and Group-AB were distribution percentage higher pre-diabetic as compared to DM patients, as given as: Group-A (32% in pre-diabetics vs. 26% in DM) & Group-AB (26% in pre-diabetics vs. 24% in diabetic's patients). In addition, percentage distribution of Rh system was also calculated, in which Rh+ve Group was high and more common in DM patients as compared to pre-diabetics; numerically given as: Rh+ve Group (80% in DM vs. 72% in pre-diabetics). Different views and dimensions of the research topic were studied through literature support, some have found no any association and some established a positive association still some were not clear in making a solid conclusion. It is concluded that DM has a positive correlation with ABO blood groups, and people with Group-B have increased susceptibility to DM disease.

Highlights

Diabetes is a metabolic disease that causes increased blood sugar level called hyperglycemia
In type-I Diabetes Mellitus (TIDM) there is unavailability of insulin hormone in the patient’s blood., insulin hormone is not available in the blood of type-I diabetic patients, to overcome this deficiency, insulin injection is necessary for the patient affected with T1DM
As Patient does not need insulin injection in T2DM; this type of diabetes mellitus (DM) was previously called as Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) (Kumar et al, 2010)

Summary

Introduction

Diabetes is a metabolic disease that causes increased blood sugar level called hyperglycemia. In type-I Diabetes Mellitus (TIDM) there is unavailability of insulin hormone in the patient’s blood., insulin hormone is not available in the blood of type-I diabetic patients, to overcome this deficiency, insulin injection is necessary for the patient affected with T1DM. T1DM was previously called Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM). In Type-2 DM, pancreatic β-cells are capable to secrete enough amount of insulin hormone, but there is a defect at the receptor site, that hinders or resists in its function or physiology. Blood glucose level rises called hyperglycemia due to this insulin receptor blockage or resistance. As Patient does not need insulin injection in T2DM; this type of DM was previously called as Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) (Kumar et al, 2010). All types of DM are on the increase, Type 2 DM in particular: The number of people with diabetes will increase by 55% by 2035 (IDF, 2015)

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