Association of Balance with Somatosensory Loss of Lower Limb in Diabetic Patients

Abstract

Background: Diabetes, a prevalent global health issue, notably in Pakistan, poses significant challenges in healthcare management due to its complications, including impaired balance and increased fall risk. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between balance impairment and somatosensory loss in diabetic patients, focusing on the impact of aging and gender differences. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over six months at Akhtar Seed Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahore, involving 600 participants. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Rivermead assessments were used to evaluate balance and somatosensory loss. Participants included males and females aged above 25, with stratification into positive and negative cases based on their balance and somatosensory status. Results: Of the 600 participants (224 males, 376 females), 150 were categorized as positive cases, showing significant balance impairment. The BBS assessment revealed that two-point discrimination was more affected compared to vibratory sense and proprioception. The study found a statistically significant association between somatosensory loss and balance impairment, irrespective of age and gender. Conclusion: The study concludes that there is a significant correlation between somatosensory loss and balance impairment in diabetic patients, with aging and gender playing a lesser role. These findings underscore the need for targeted balance and sensory training in diabetic care to reduce fall risks.