Abstract
BackgroundThe dyslipidemia associated with obesity plays a major role in the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Dyslipidemia in childhood can progress in adult stage. APOE is one of the most important genes that regulate plasma lipid transport and clearance. The study aimed to assess whether the common APOE polymorphism is associated with lipid profiles and dyslipidemia, and it could be modulated by obesity-related traits (body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio) in Vietnamese children.MethodsA case-control study was designed including 249 cases with dyslipidemia and 600 controls without dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia is defined as elevated total or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, or low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Genotype for APOE polymorphism (rs7412 and rs429358) was determined by the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The association of APOE genotypes with plasma lipid disorders was tested by binary logistic regression analysis, taking into account the confounding factors of age, sex, residence, province and obesity-related traits.ResultsIn comparison with ε3/ε3 carriers, the ε4 carriers had the highest concentration of serum TC and LDL-C in cases and controls (P ≤ 0.001), while ε2 carriers had the lowest. Carriers without TT haplotype had higher serum TC than those with TT haplotype. The ε4 carriers had higher hypoalphalipoproteinemia risk than ε3/ε3 carriers (OR = 2.78, P = 0.02) before and after adjustment for age, gender, residence and obesity-related traits.ConclusionsThe study suggested that the APOE genotype and haplotype significantly associated with plasma TC and LDL-C level in Vietnamese children. The association of APOE genotype with hypoalphalipoproteinemia was independent of obesity-related traits.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-016-0349-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
The dyslipidemia associated with obesity plays a major role in the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease
We focused on two key questions: (i) Are APOE rs429358 and rs7412 polymorphisms significantly associated with lipid profiles and dyslipidemia in Vietnamese children? and (ii) whether the association could be modulated by obesity-related traits?
We considered the relationship of some obesityrelated traits on blood lipid metabolism disorders, and the results showed that there was a strong association of Body mass index (BMI), Waist circumference (WC), Hip circumference (HC), Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) with TG, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (P < 0.0001)
Summary
The dyslipidemia associated with obesity plays a major role in the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Dyslipidemia, abnormal of lipid levels in the blood, is a leading risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, and stroke-the main cause of mortality globally [1, 2]. Genetic factors are considered to be important determinants of plasma concentrations of TC, TG, LDLC and HDL-C in adults [14]. The 3 major isoforms of human apo E (E2, E3, and E4) coded by 3 alleles (ε2, ε3, and ε4) differ in amino acid sequence at 2 sites, residue 112 (rs429358) and residue 158 (rs7412) [17]. Whether there is a difference between adults and children in the role of APOE for determining plasma lipid and lipoproteins is not clearly understood. The effect of the APOE polymorphism on the lipid profiles has been reported to be modulated by obesity in children [28, 29]
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