Abstract
Background: Apolipoprotein B (APOB) is a component of chylomicrons, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) and functions as the main protein for transporting cholesterol to peripheral cells. APOB gene has an AT-rich VNTR site at its 3ʹ-untranslated region (3ʹ-UTR). APOB 3ʹ-VNTR alleles with ≥36 repeats have been shown to be strongly associated with increased serum lipid levels, gallstone formation and coronary artery disease.Objectives: To investigate any possible association of APOB 3ʹ-VNTR alleles with type 2 diabetes, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure.Materials and methods: APOB 3ʹ-VNTR region in the DNA of non-diabetic controls and type 2 diabetic patients were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the numbers of core repeat in the amplified products were determined. Frequencies of the APOB alleles and genotypes among the controls and the patients were calculated and statistical analyses were performed.Results and discussion: Here we report for the first time that APOB 3ʹ-VNTR alleles have different distribution frequencies among type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. We also observed higher body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressures in individuals who had at least one APOB 3ʹ-VNTR allele with ≥35 repeats.Conclusion: Our study might bridge among the genetic signature of APOB 3ʹ-VNTR, high APOB protein level in blood, diabetes and other co-morbidities.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(1) 2018 p.71-77
Highlights
Apolipoprotein B (APOB) protein is a component of chylomicrons, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) and functions as the main protein for transporting cholesterol to peripheral cells[1,2,3,4,5,6]
The plasma concentration of APOB protein reflects the total number of potentially atherogenic particles [2,4] and, is predictive of high risk of coronary heart disease that may not be otherwise detected from routine lipid profile . 2,7-10 High APOB protein level in blood is correlated with cerebrovascular and coronary artery diseases as well as increased risk of diabetes[1,3,11,12]
APOB 3ʹ-Variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs) alleles with >37 repeats have been shown to be strongly associated with increased lipid levels and coronary artery disease 18
Summary
APOB protein is a component of chylomicrons, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) and functions as the main protein for transporting cholesterol to peripheral cells[1,2,3,4,5,6]. Variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs), known as minisatellites, comprise a significant portion (~3%) of the human genome 13. Hyper-variable nature of many VNTR loci have found useful applications in genetic linkage analysis, forensic identification, paternity testing, anthropological research and phylogenetic studies[6,15,16] One such VNTR is located 73bp upstream of the second polyadenylation signal at the 3ʹ-end of the human Apolipoprotein B (APOB) gene on the short arm of chromosome 2 . APOB 3ʹ-VNTR alleles with >37 repeats have been shown to be strongly associated with increased lipid levels and coronary artery disease 18. We investigated whether there is any association of the number of repeats at the APOB 3ʹVNTR locus with type 2 diabetes, body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Ethical approval was received from local ethics committee before data collection was initiated
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