Association of Apelin and Apelin Receptor Polymorphisms With the Risk of Comorbid Depression and Anxiety in Coronary Heart Disease Patients.

Ying Wang,Pei Jiang,Zhiying Luo,Yiwen Xiao,Wenhui Liu,Haiyan Yuan,Feng Wang

doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.00893

Abstract

The Apelin (APLN)/apelin receptor (APLNR) signaling pathway is a newly identified regulator in various cardiovascular diseases, which is considered as a candidate pathway for the occurrence of coronary heart disease (CHD), depression, and anxiety. The goal of this study was to investigate the association between APLN/APLNR gene polymorphisms and the risk of depression and anxiety in CHD patients. To this end, a case-control study involving 269 CHD patients and 184 healthy control individuals was conducted. The 269 patients with CHD including 122 patients with and 147 patients without depression, and 56 patients with and 213 patients without anxiety Four single nucleotide polymorphisms were selected and successfully genotyped using Sanger sequencing. The APLN rs2235310T allele and APLNR rs9943582C allele were found to be associated with an increased risk of CHD after multiple test correction (P-adjust < 0.05). The patients with CHD who carried the rs9943582C allele had a higher risk of depression, after adjusting for alcohol drinking habits, insomnia, hypertension, and stroke history, with the Bonferroni correction (P-adjust = 0.018). The APLNR rs2282623 T allele was associated with an increased risk of anxiety in CHD patients after adjusting for related disease complications, with the Bonferroni correction (P-adjust = 0.022). We reported for the first time that the APLN rs2235310 and APLNR rs2282623 polymorphisms are associated with the risks of psychiatric disorders in CHD patients and may serve as novel biomarkers for therapy.

Highlights

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common chronic diseases, having a serious effect on human health and quality of life (Pezzella, 2010)
We investigated the associations of four promising polymorphisms in the APLN/apelin receptor (APLNR) pathway with the risks of depression and anxiety in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD)
Our principal findings demonstrated that genetic polymorphisms in the APLN/APLNR pathway might result in a potential risk for depression and anxiety in patients with CHD

Summary

Introduction

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common chronic diseases, having a serious effect on human health and quality of life (Pezzella, 2010). Epidemiological studies show that CHD patients are more likely to suffer from psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety (Chauvet-Gélinier et al, 2013). Over the past few decades, an ever-expanding number of Polymorphisms in CHD-Associated Psychiatric Disorders prospective reports and meta-analyses have provided evidence that depression and anxiety are risk factors for the morbidity and mortality in patients with and without established CHD (Lichtman et al, 2008; Carney and Freedland, 2017; Hohls et al, 2020). Cognitive-behavioral treatment and positive psychology intervention have been showed to improve several psychological symptoms and reduced cardiac mortality for patients with CHD or coronary artery disease (CAD; Richards et al, 2018; Magan et al, 2020). It’s quite important to disclose the relationship between CHD and psychical disorders

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