Association of angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene A1166C polymorphism with the presence of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome in patients with documented coronary artery disease

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Background There are relatively limited data available on the genetic susceptibility to diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome in the Iranian population. We have therefore investigated the association between the angiotensin II type I receptor gene polymorphism (AT 1R/A1166C) and the presence of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome in a well defined group of patients. Methods Patients with angiographically defined coronary artery disease (CAD) ( n = 309) were evaluated for the presence of AT 1R/A1166C polymorphism. These patients were classified into subgroups with ( n = 164, M/F: 109/55) and without ( n = 145, M/F: 84/61) diabetes mellitus. The AT 1R polymorphism was assessed using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) based method. Results There was a higher frequency of polymorphic genotypes (AC + CC) in the diabetic compared with the non-diabetic group ( p = 0.01). When determined for each gender separately, this difference remained significant in the males ( p = 0.04) but not in females ( p = 0.09). With regard to the allele frequencies, the C allele was significantly higher and the A allele frequency was lower in the diabetic group ( p = 0.01). This remained significant after gender segregation for males ( p = 0.01) but not females. In the binary logistic regression analysis, only serum fasting glucose was found as the independent predictor for the presence of diabetes in the CAD patients (β = 1.16, p < 0.001 for total population and β = 1.29, p < 0.001 for male subjects). There was no significant difference in genotype or allele frequencies between subgroups with and without metabolic syndrome, this being unaffected by gender or the definition of metabolic syndrome used apart from a significantly lower frequency of C allele in male subjects with metabolic syndrome defined by the NCEP ATP III criteria ( p = 0.04). Conclusion The AT 1R/A1166C polymorphism may be associated with the presence of diabetes mellitus in male subjects with documented CAD.