Abstract
Chitosan oleate was previously proposed to encapsulate in nanocarriers some poorly soluble molecules aimed to wound therapy, such as the anti-infective silver sulfadiazine, and the antioxidant α tocopherol. Because nanocarriers need a suitable formulation to be administered to wounds, in the present paper, these previously developed nanocarriers were loaded into freeze dried dressings based on chitosan glutamate. These were proposed as bioactive dressings aimed to support the application to wounds of platelet lysate, a hemoderivative rich in growth factors. The dressings were characterized for hydration capacity, morphological aspect, and rheological and mechanical behavior. Although chitosan oleate nanocarriers clearly decreased the mechanical properties of dressings, these remained compatible with handling and application to wounds. Preliminary studies in vitro on fibroblast cell cultures demonstrated good compatibility of platelet lysate with nanocarriers and bioactive dressings. An in vivo study on a murine wound model showed an accelerating wound healing effect for the bioactive dressing and its suitability as support of the platelet lysate application to wounds.
Highlights
The aim of the present work was the development of a bioactive dressing containing silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) as anti-infective drug and alpha tocopherol as antioxidant agent, and intended to be loaded with autologous platelet lysate (PL) in the treatment of chronic skin wounds
The following materials were used for the encapsulation of AgSD and αTph: Chitosan (CS) was obtained as HCl salt from low molecular weight (LMW, 50–190 KDa) chitosan base, deacetylation degree 80% (Sigma Aldrich, Milan, Italy) by addition of HCl 0.5 N to chitosan until complete dissolution, dialysis in bidistilled water for 24 h and freeze-drying (Heto Drywinner, Analitica de Mori, Milan, Italy)
The results show that the encapsulation of poorly soluble hydrophobic molecules in chitosan oleate allows easy dispersion in hydrophilic formulations such as freeze-dried dressings
Summary
Chitosan is well known in the literature for its numerous biological effects, such as mucoadhesion and permeation enhancement [1,2], antimicrobial activity [3,4], and hemostatic and analgesic action [5]. Skin wound healing is the result of a series of molecular and cellular processes that involve, in a first phase, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and invasion of the wound by neutrophils and monocytes. This is followed by migration of keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells that initiate the tissue remodeling.
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