Association of alpha subunit of GABA A receptor subtype gene polymorphisms with epilepsy susceptibility and drug resistance in north Indian population

Abstract

GABA (γ-amino butyric acid) receptors have always been an inviting target in the etiology and treatment of epilepsy because of its role as a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. The aim of our study was to find out the possible role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) present in GABRA1 IVS11 + 15 A > G (rs2279020) and GABRG2 588C > T (rs211037) genes in seizure susceptibility and pharmaco-resistance in northern Indian patients with epilepsy. A total of 395 epilepsy patients and 199 control subjects were enrolled for present study. The genotyping was done by PCR-RFLP methods. The GABRA1 IVS11 + 15 A > G polymorphism conferred high risk for epilepsy susceptibility at genotype ‘AG’ ( P = 0.004, OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.20–2.63), ‘GG’ ( P = 0.01, OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.15–2.80) and G allele level ( P = 0.001, OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.16–1.92). Moreover this polymorphism was also associated with multiple drug resistance in patients with epilepsy for homozygous variant ‘GG’ genotype ( P = 0.031, OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.05–3.23) and G allele ( P = 0.020, OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.05–1.95). However GABRG2 588C > T polymorphism was not found to be associated either with epilepsy susceptibility or with drug resistance. Overall results indicate differential role of different subunits of GABA A receptor subtypes in epilepsy susceptibility and pharmacotherapy.