Abstract
BackgroundAccumulative evidence in the literature suggests alcohol consumption is a protective factor of the metabolic syndrome (MS). However, few studies investigated the relationship between alcohol consumption and components of MS. We examined association of several types of alcoholic beverage with components of MS among people in rural China.MethodsIn the Nantong Metabolic Syndrome Study (NMSS), a cross-sectional study, a total of 20,502 participants, including 13,505 women and 6,997 men aged 18–74 years, were recruited between 2007 and 2008 in Nantong, China. Socio-economic status, dietary intake, physical exercise, alcoholic beverage consumption, and smoking status information were obtained, and triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprtein cholesterol (HDL-c), blood pressure (BP) and blood glucose level were examined for all participants. Logistic regression model and the restricted cubic spline approach were used to analyze the associations between alcoholic beverage consumption and MS components.ResultsThe MS prevalence was 21.1% in the whole population, which was significantly low among drinkers (20.6%), compared with non-drinkers (23.6%) in women, and was comparable in men (16.4% versus 17.1%). High HDL-c level was observed among drinkers, compared with non-drinkers in both men and women. Low TG level and Systolic BP (SBP) were found only among rice wine drinkers in women, and high waist circumference, high TG and BP were found among beer and liquor drinkers in men. Furthermore, we found that the highest quartile of rice wine drink in women may decrease 24% risk of high TG, 30% risk of low HDL-c and 43% risk of high glucose among MS components cases respectively, compared with non-drinkers (p for trend <0.01 for those three components). While compared non-drinkers among men, the highest quartile of liquor drink may increase 32% risk of high SBP, 55% risk of high Diastolic BP (DBP) and 34% risk of abdominal obesity among MS components cases respectively, but decrease 45% risk of low HDL-c (p for trend <0.05 for those four components).ConclusionOur data suggested that all alcoholic beverages increased HDL-c level. Rice wine decreased both TG level and blood glucose in women only and it could be one of healthy alcoholic beverages in MS prevention in Chinese women. While excessive liquor consumption increased BP and waist circumference level and it may lead to hypertension and central obesity in Chinese men.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a constellation of metabolic abnormalities, including abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations, hypertension, and hyperglycaemia [1], which is strong association with the development of type II diabetes and risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality [2,3]
We found that rice wine consumption was associated with decreasing risk of high TG (OR = 0.88, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 0.81-0.95), risk of high glucose (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.67-0.93) and risk of low HDL cholesterol (HDL-c) (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.77-0.91)
A favorable effect on TG and glucose is found among rice wine consumers in female and light-to-moderate combined alcoholic consumers
Summary
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a constellation of metabolic abnormalities, including abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations, hypertension, and hyperglycaemia [1], which is strong association with the development of type II diabetes and risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality [2,3]. Several studies reported that alcohol consumption has a higher risk of developing type II diabetes [8,9], hypertension [8,10,11,12], obesity [8,13,14,15], high triglycerides (TG) [10,16,17] and high fasting glucose [1], which are the principal components of MS [8]. Several studies have further reported that moderate alcohol consumption was associated with a lower risk of diabetes [22,23,24] Take these inconsistent results into consideration, it is unclear about association between different alcoholic beverages and MS components.
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