Abstract
Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) results in increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and arterial stiffness; however, the association between adipocytokines and IMT/arterial stiffness in OSA patients is unclear.Methods: We enrolled 95 normal weight and overweight, not obese, participants from May 2018 to December 2018 in this study. All subjects underwent a carotid artery ultrasound examination and polysomnography. Blood samples were used to determine serum chemerin, adiponectin, SFRP5, and apelin levels. Correlations between two quantitative variables were assessed using the Pearson or Spearman coefficient. Stepwise models of multiple linear regression analysis were performed to assess the independent relationships.Result: IMT in OSA patients was significantly higher than in the non-snorers. There were significant differences in the arterial stiffness parameters such as distensibility coefficient (DC), compliance coefficient (CC), and pulse wave velocity (PWV). SFRP5 level was lower in OSA patients than in non-snorers. Adiponectin correlated with CC, DC, and PWV among OSA patients; however, the relationship disappeared after a multivariable adjustment. Age was independently associated with all quantitative IMT and stiffness indices. AHI and minimum oxygen saturation (Mini SaO2) were independently related to arterial stiffness.Conclusion: The quantitative IMT and carotid arterial elasticity were significantly worse among OSA patients. Age was the main independent factor correlated with quantitative IMT and arterial stiffness, and AHI and mini SaO2 were associated factors. There were no relationships between aforementioned adipocytokines and quantitative IMT/carotid arterial stiffness.
Highlights
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-related breathing disorder [1] characterized by recurrent episodes of pharyngeal airway obstruction during sleep [2]
As for the common carotid artery (CCA) parameters, the quantitative intima-media thickness (IMT), stiffness coefficients (α and β) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were significantly higher in the OSA patients than the non-snoring participants
The present study demonstrates that OSA patients have a significantly increased quantitative IMT, decreased carotid arterial elasticity, and a significantly decreased secreted frizzled-related protein5 (SFRP5)
Summary
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-related breathing disorder [1] characterized by recurrent episodes of pharyngeal airway obstruction during sleep [2]. Several studies have demonstrated that ultrasound radio-frequency (RF) technology can be used as a non-invasive and quantitative method to detect changes in the structure and function of the carotid artery in small vessel disease subjects, in order to evaluate preclinical atherosclerosis [15, 16]. This technology has been applied in many previous clinical studies [17, 18].
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