Association of ACE I/D Polymorphism with Risk of Diabetes in Cardiovascular Disease Patients

Abstract

Background: Insertion/Deletion (I/D) polymorphism of Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene has pronounced effect on development of metabolic diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and hypertension. However, association of I/D polymorphism with risk of diabetes in CVD patients is not known. Objectives: To check the association of ACE I/D polymorphism with risk of diabetes in subjects with CVD. Methods: 531 subjects were sampled and divided into three groups; healthy controls (n=117), cardiac patients without diabetes (n=271) and cardiac patients with diabetes (n=143). Genotyping of ACE I/D polymorphism was done by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Allelic and genotypic frequencies were in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium (χ2=0.11, p>0.05) and revealed high prevalence of I allele (55%) among all groups. However, II genotype was more common (37%) in cardiac patients with diabetes. Level of glucose was also higher in subjects with II genotype than DD genotype (12.6±6.3 mmol/L vs. 9.7±5.1 mmol/L). Logistic regression analysis revealed that ACE II genotype increase the risk of diabetes in CVD patients by ~2 times [OR=1.94, CI: 1.24-3.01, p=0.03]. Conclusion: Our findings show that ACE I/D polymorphism influence the risk of diabetes in CVD patients and ACE II increases this risk by ~2 fold.