Association of accelerated aging with the incidence risk of Cardiometabolic diseases in people with severe mental illnesses: A prospective analysis in UK Biobank

Abstract

Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) comorbidities among people with severe mental illnesses (SMI) are associated with a high healthcare burden and premature mortality. This study aims to evaluate whether biological aging has an interaction with SMI on incident CMDs, and to examine the association of four biological aging indicators with CMDs incidence in this population. Data were sourced from the UK Biobank, a large prospective cohort study. Four indicators were used to assess biological aging including frailty phenotype, frailty index, KDM-biological age acceleration and phenotypic age acceleration. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the associations. We observed higher prevalence of frailty and accelerated biological age with SMI than those without SMI. Further analysis found significant interaction effect of pre-frailty and SMI (PPre-frail*SMI=0.005) as well as biological age acceleration and SMI (PQ3 (>P75)*SMI=0.038). 14.7 % of the participants with SMI developed CMDs during the follow-up. Compared with non-frail participants, those with frailty (frailty phenotype: HR=1.68, 95 % CI: 1.50, 1.88, P < 0.001; frailty index: HR=2.44, 95 % CI: 2.11–2.81, P < 0.001) and biological age acceleration (KDM-biological age acceleration (Q3): HR=1.91, 95 % CI: 1.74, 2.11, P < 0.001; phenotypic age acceleration (Q3): HR=2.07, 95 % CI: 1.86, 2.30, P < 0.001) had a significantly higher risk of CMDs in the adjusted model. A series of sensitivity analyses were conducted to illustrate the robustness of the findings. These findings highlight the important implications for concerning about the high incidence of CMDs comorbidities and intervention of aging in people with SMI.