Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVDs) is the leading cause of morbidity and death worldwide. Most genetic variants could be identified by several genome-wide-association-studies (GWAS), including within genes encoding proteins involved in the AKT/PI3K pathways that are related with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome and CVDs. Therefore, due to the importance of genetic variants in the prognosis of diseases, we examined the genetic polymorphism of AKT-rs1130233 located on chromosome 14 with cardiovascular risk factors. In this cross-sectional study, 721 subjects recruited from the Mashhad-Stroke and Heart-Atherosclerotic-Disorders (MASHAD) cohort study. The participants including 257 subjects with metabolic syndrome, 144 subjects with cardiovascular disease and 320 subjects as a control group. Anthropometric, biochemical and demographic information measures were prepared. Dietary assessment was managed by 24h dietary recall. DNA extraction and genotyping were carried out by using the TaqMan real-time-PCR based method. The association of AKT rs1130233 locus with dietary intakes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors were assessed. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 21 software. Frequencies of genotypes AA, AG and GG of the AKT rs1130233 polymorphism were 12.6%, 44.5% and 42.9% in subjects with metabolic syndrome and 9.7%, 39.6% and 50.7% in subjects with cardiovascular disease, respectively. The frequency of allele A and G in cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome population were 29.5%, 70.5% and 34.8%, 65.2%, respectively. We have found no significant association between the AKT rs1130233 polymorphism with cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome. The results of dietary intake showed that the levels of phosphorus intake (p=0.008), calcium intake (p=0.007) and iodine intake (p=0.04) were different in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome. And also, energy intake was significantly different in subjects with cardiovascular disease (p=0.01) compared to the control group. Our findings suggest that AKT rs1130233 was not associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in the Iranian population. More studies are needed to validate our results. We did functional analysis, due to certify our investigation about value of this genetic biomarker for CVD risk.
Highlights
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of condition including high fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, hypertension, high triglyceride, low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and visceral obesity which increased risk of Cardiovascular disease (CVDs)[1]
The population consisted of 721 individuals (257 with MetS, 144 with CVD and 320 were controls aged 35-65 years (38% men; n=274, 61% women; n=447)
To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to evaluate the interactions between an AKT gene polymorphism with CVD, its related risk factors and dietary intake
Summary
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of condition including high fasting blood glucose , insulin resistance, hypertension, high triglyceride, low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and visceral obesity which increased risk of CVDs[1]. The MetS is a crucial determinant of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes [2]. In Iran, over the past 20 years, the prevalence of MetS has increased, and this is considered to be one of the reasons for an increasing prevalence of CVD [3]. The more the components of MetS, the greater is the mortality rate from CVD [4]. The prevalence of MetS is increasing globally and ranges between 21% and 38.5% [5]. The International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) in 2006 has estimated that about 25 percent of the world’s population has MetS [6]. In Iran, the prevalence is 23.8% for individuals who
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