Association Between Weight Gain From Young to Middle Adulthood and Metabolic Syndrome Across Different BMI Categories at Young Adulthood.

Xiuling Wang,Xin Zheng,Yang Yang,Wei Xu,Jianlan Cui,Jiali Song,Chaoqun Wu,Xi Li,Haibo Zhang,Xingyi Zhang,Yan Gao,Lijuan Song,Jiamin Liu,Teng Li,Jiapeng Lu

doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.812104

Abstract

ObjectivesWe aimed to assess the dose–response association between weight gain from young to middle adulthood and odds of metabolic syndrome, across body mass index (BMI) categories at young adulthood.MethodsBased on a national population-based screening project, middle-aged (35–64 years) participants who recalled weight at age 25 years and received standardized measurements were included. Multivariable adjusted restricted cubic splines and logistic regression models were applied.ResultsIn total, 437,849 participants were included (62.1% women, 52.0 ± 7.6 years). Larger weight gains from young to middle adulthood were associated with higher odds of metabolic syndrome at middle adulthood, with odds of 2.01 (1.98–2.05), 1.93 (1.92–1.94), and 1.67 (1.64–1.7) per 5-kg weight gain across participants who were underweight, normal-weight, and overweight/obese at young adulthood, respectively. After further adjusting for current BMI, larger weight gains still correlated with higher odds of metabolic syndrome among underweight and normal-weight participants, while an inverted U-shaped association was observed in overweight/obese participants.ConclusionsWeight maintenance from young to middle adulthood could be effective to mitigate metabolic syndrome burden, especially among underweight and normal-weight people. Historical weight gain confers varied information about metabolic syndrome risk independent of attained BMI across BMI categories at young adulthood.

Highlights

Metabolic syndrome, a cluster of metabolic risk factors, significantly contributes to the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1, 2]
National population-based study, we found that larger weight gains from young to middle adulthood were associated with higher odds of metabolic syndrome at middle adulthood across all body mass index (BMI) categories at young adulthood, especially among underweight and normal-weight participants
We found that any amount of weight gain was shown to be associated with higher odds of metabolic syndrome across different BMI categories at young adulthood

Summary

Introduction

A cluster of metabolic risk factors, significantly contributes to the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1, 2]. In China, the proportion of population with metabolic syndrome had reached 33.9% in 2010 [4]. The metabolic disease burden is expected to increase as the prevalence of obesity, an important determinant for metabolic syndrome [5], continues to grow. People usually gain their body weight with increasing age, especially during the period from young to middle adulthood [6]. Exploring the cumulative effects of weight gain from young to middle adulthood on the risk of metabolic syndrome is essential for comprehensively understanding the development of metabolic syndrome at middle adulthood

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Discussion

Conclusion