Abstract
BackgroundVisual impairment (VI) is associated with increased mortality and health factors such as depression and cardiovascular disease. Epidemiologic studies consistently show associations between sleep duration with adverse health outcomes, but these have not systematically considered the influence of VI. The aim of this study was to ascertain the independent association between VI and sleep duration using the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data. We also examined whether race/ethnicity influenced these associations independently of sociodemographic and medical characteristics.MethodsOur analysis was based on the 2009 NHIS, providing valid sleep and vision data for 29,815 participants. The NHIS is a cross-sectional household interview survey utilizing a multistage area probability design. Trained personnel from the US census bureau gathered data during face-to-face interview and obtained socio-demographic, self-reported habitual sleep duration and physician-diagnosed chronic conditions.ResultsThe mean age of the sample was 48 years and 56% were female. Short sleep and long sleep durations were reported by 49% and 23% of the participants, respectively. Visual impairment was observed in 10%. Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models showed significant associations between VI and short sleep (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.5-1.9 and long sleep durations (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.3-1.9). These associations persisted in multivariate models stratified by race-ethnic groups.ConclusionVisual impairment was associated with both short and long sleep durations. Analysis of epidemiologic sleep data should consider visual impairment as an important factor likely to influence the amount of sleep experienced habitually.
Highlights
Visual impairment (VI) is associated with increased mortality and health factors such as depression and cardiovascular disease
Relevant to this point is evidence that race-ethnic disparities exist in disorders that may cause visual impairment [12,13], sleep duration [14] and cardio-metabolic risk, [15,16] such that individuals of the black race-ethnicity have a greater burden of visual impairment as well as an increased prevalence of both short and long sleep when compared with white counterparts [17,18]
We examined the associations among race/ethnicity, sleep duration and visual impairment, and whether these factors were independent of individual’s sociodemographic and medical characteristics
Summary
Visual impairment (VI) is associated with increased mortality and health factors such as depression and cardiovascular disease. This analysis was conducted among a representative sample of the US population with a diverse age, sex and ethnic background Relevant to this point is evidence that race-ethnic disparities exist in disorders that may cause visual impairment (i.e. diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma) [12,13], sleep duration [14] and cardio-metabolic risk, [15,16] such that individuals of the black race-ethnicity have a greater burden of visual impairment as well as an increased prevalence of both short and long sleep when compared with white counterparts [17,18]
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