Association Between VEGF-2578 Gene Polymorphism with Clinicopathological Appearance of Year 2021 Patients with Nasopharyngeal Cancer in RSUP Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Denpasar Bali

Abstract

Cancer has a close association with aging. Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is the most common head and neck cancer found in Indonesia. One of the factors that plays a role in the development of NPC is VEGF. VEGF is coded in VEGF gene which is very polymorphic. One of the polymorphisms in VEGF gene that influences the expression of the gene itself is VEGF-2578C/A gene polymorphism which has never been studied before in Indonesia. This research aims to study the association between VEGF-2578 gene polymorphism (clinical stadium, T stadium (tumor size), N stadium (local metastasis), M stadium (distant metastasis), and histopathological typing) of year 2021 patients with nasopharyngeal cancer in RSUP Prof. dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Denpasar Bali. This research uses the cross-sectional method and was done in the Biomedical Laboratory in Udayana University Faculty of Medicine from June to December 2022. 43 samples were used in the form of DNA from stored biological specimens of nasopharyngeal cancer patients that were treated in ENT-Oncology polyclinic in RSUP Prof. dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah in 2021. Secondary data was available from the Biomedical Laboratory in Udayana University Faculty of Medicine. To detect polymorphism from the DNA samples, gene amplification was done using PCR, confirmed using electrophoresis, and sent for sequencing in Genetika Science Jakarta. From 43 samples, it was found that there were 36 (83,7%) CC genotip and 7 (16,3%) AA genotip. A significant association was found between VEGF-2578C/A gene polymorphism with T stadium (tumor size) with p value = 0,028. Late stage of T stadium (T3-T4) was found significantly more on subjects with CC genotip (75%) compared to AA genotip (28,6%). The effect of confounding variables which are age and gender have been minimalized. It was also found that there was no significant association between VEGF-2578C/A gene polymorphism with clinical stadium, N stadium, M stadium, or histopathological typing on the research subjects. In conclusion, this research found that there was a significant association between VEGF-2578C/A gene polymorphism with T stadium, but not with clinical stadium, N stadium, M stadium, or histopathological typing of year 2021 patients with nasopharyngeal cancer in RSUP Prof. dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Denpasar Bali. Keywords: Nasopharyngeal cancer, Polymorphism, Tumor size, VEGF-2578C/A, Clinicopathological appearance