Abstract
High uric acid (UA) level and high salt intake are reportedly associated with cardiovascular disease. This study investigated the association between UA and urinary sodium excretion, as well as its interaction on the risk of prehypertension. A total of 1869 participants without hypertension were recruited from a previously established cohort in Shaanxi Province, China. The participants were classified as normotensive or prehypertensive on the basis of their blood pressure. Increasing quartiles of sodium excretion were associated with high urinary UA/creatinine levels in prehypertensive participants. Estimated sodium excretion positively correlated with urinary UA/creatinine excretions in the prehypertensive group. In addition, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios for prehypertension compared with normotension were 1.68 (1.27–2.22) for sodium excretion and 1.71 (1.21–2.42) for serum UA. Increasing sodium excretion and serum UA were associated with higher risk of prehypertension. Compared with the lowest quartiles, the highest sodium excretion and serum UA quartiles entailed 3.48 times greater risk of prehypertension. Sodium excretion is associated with urinary UA excretion in prehypertensive participants. The present study shows that high levels of salt intake and serum UA simultaneously are associated with a higher risk of prehypertension.
Highlights
Hypertension contributes to the burden of heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure, and it is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality
A total of 842 prehypertensive subjects were analyzed to examine the association between sodium excretion and serum and urinary Uric acid (UA) levels
Individuals with higher sodium excretion were tended to be male, younger and fatter; unwilling to engage in physical activity; and usually possessed lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C and serum creatinine but higher Estimated glomerular filtration ratio (eGFR) and urinary albumin/creatinine
Summary
Hypertension contributes to the burden of heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure, and it is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. In the InterASIA study, the prevalence of prehypertension is 21.9% among Chinese adults (25.7% in males and 18.0% in females)[2], and prehypertension is emerging as an independent risk factor for cardiometabolic disorders, including metabolic syndrome, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, stroke, and cardiovascular diseases[3,4]. Recent studies have shown that increased salt intake may be associated with the pathogenesis of prehypertension[11,12,13]. Recent studies have shown that increased sodium intake significantly lowers serum UA18,19. No research has focused on the relationship between dietary salt intake and UA levels, especially urinary UA excretion, in prehypertensive participants. We used our previously established cohort that has been followed up for 30 years to examine the possible associations between urinary sodium excretion, which was used as surrogate for salt intake, and serum and urinary UA levels in prehypertensive participants. We sought to investigate the interactions between urinary sodium excretion and serum UA on the risk of prehypertension in Chinese young adults
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