Abstract
This study employed public use National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) data to investigate the association between urinary cadmium (UDPSI) and all cause, all cancer and prostate cancer mortalities in men. NHANES III household adult, laboratory and mortality data were merged. The sampling weight used was WTPFEX6, with SDPPSU6 applied for the probability sampling unit and SDPSTRA6 to designate the strata for the survey analysis. For prostate cancer death, the significant univariates were UDPSI, age, weight, and drinking. Under multivariate logistic regression, the significant covariates were age and weight. For all cause mortality in men, the significant covariates were UDPSI, age, and poverty income ratio. For all cancer mortality in men, the significant covariates were UDPSI, age, black and Mexican race. UDPSI was a predictor of all cause and all cancer mortalities in men as well as prostate cancer mortality.
Highlights
Prostate cancer is a common cancer in men (Siegel et al, 2012)
Aim: This study employed public use National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) data to investigate the association between urinary cadmium (UDPSI) and all cause, all cancer and prostate cancer mortalities in men
Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) data to investigate the association between urinary cadmium and all cause, all cancer, and prostate cancer mortalities in men
Summary
Prostate cancer is a common cancer in men (Siegel et al, 2012). The median age of prostate cancer patients is 67 years old. There are 2.5 million prostate cancer survivors. It was estimated 241740 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2012. Most prostate cancers are diagnosed at a non-metastatic stage because of prostate-specific antigen screening. The survival for prostate cancer patients is high. The relative survival of prostate cancer is 97.8% at 10 years, and 91.4% at 15 years adjusted for age, sex and race (Siegel et al, 2012)
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