Association between Unhealthful Plant-Based Diets and Possible Risk of Dyslipidemia.

Sujin Song,Nara Shin,Hyunju Kim,Kyueun Lee,Jihye Kim,Soim Park

doi:10.3390/nu13124334

Sujin Song, Nara Shin + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124334

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Abstract

The relationship between the various types of diets derived from plants and vulnerability of dyslipidemia has rarely been investigated, and limited data exist in Asians whose dietary pattern is fairly different from that of the Western population. We aim to analyze the relationship between three plant-based diet indices (PDI) and the risk of dyslipidemia. Participants included 173,209 Korean adults who were aged ≥40 years from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study_Health Examination (2004–2013). A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary intake. Three PDI were quantified for the study: overall PDI, healthful PDI (hPDI), and unhealthful PDI (uPDI). Among the 147,945 included, 48,166 (32.6%) of participants had dyslipidemia. Great adherence to uPDI was related with 15% greater odds of having dyslipidemia (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.11–1.20, p-trend < 0.0001). No significant association was observed between PDI, hPDI, and dyslipidemia. The association between uPDI and dyslipidemia was significantly stronger among participants aged ≥55 years when compared to participants aged <55 years (p-value for interaction = 0.001). The quality of plant foods is vital in preventing dyslipidemia among people consuming high plant-based food diets.

Highlights

Dyslipidemia is a vital modifiable risk factor in the management of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading global cause for mortality, and which results in 17.9 million deaths each year [1]
The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study_Health Examinees (KoGES_HEXA) is an ongoing population-based cohort study that investigates genetic and environmental factors related to chronic diseases in Koreans [17]
A considerable strength of our study was the use of a uniquely large sample size of a middle-aged and older Korean population for examining differential associations of plant-based diets (PBD) with dyslipidemia by the quality of plant foods. This population-based study with large samples of Korean adults showed that higher adherence to an unhealthful plant-based diet was positively associated with having dyslipidemia

Summary

Introduction

Dyslipidemia is a vital modifiable risk factor in the management of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading global cause for mortality, and which results in 17.9 million deaths each year [1]. The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) documents that the age-adjusted prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (one type of dyslipidemia) among adults aged ≥30 years almost doubled from 11.4% in 2009 to 22.3% in 2019 [3]. Some researchers suggest that changes in dietary patterns and lifestyle among Koreans may lead to the increase in the prevalence of dyslipidemia [4]. Adopting a healthy diet and lifestyle is the cornerstone in preventing and managing dyslipidemia, and prior studies have highlighted that consuming plant-based diets (PBD) is related to decreased lipid levels [5,6]. Less healthy plant-derived food, like the refined grains, potatoes, fruit juices, and beverages sweetened by sugar, are linked to the greater cardio-metabolic risk [9,10,11,12]

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