Abstract
Background: Glenohumeral subluxation (GHS) is a commonly reported post-stroke complication which has a negative effect on rehabilitation.Objective: To explore the association between GHS and other clinical outcomes in people with post-stroke hemiplegia.Methods: Patients with post-stroke hemiplegia (n = 105, 71 ± 11 years, median time since stroke 5.6 weeks), who gave informed consent, were recruited. GHS was assessed by the ultrasound method. Assessment of shoulder pain (visual analogue scale), active range of movement (AROM), muscle strength (Medical Research Council Scale), muscle tone (Modified Ashworth Scale) and the upper limb section of the Motor Assessment Scale (MAS) was undertaken.Results: GHS was present in 65 (62%) patients. There was a moderate negative correlation between GHS and muscle strength (r= −0.54, p < .01); MAS score (r= −0.58, p < .01); flexion (r= −0.54, p < .01), abduction (r= −0.53, p < .01), and external rotation (r= −0.52, p < .01) but not between GHS and muscle tone (r= −0.18, p > .05) and pain (r = 0.06, p > .05). Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that muscle strength, external rotation of the shoulder and GHS were associated with upper limb function (adjusted R2=0.83, p < .01).Conclusion: The relationship between GHS, shoulder AROM, muscle strength and upper limb function suggests that patients with GHS are more like to have a poor motor recovery.
Highlights
Impaired motor control of the upper extremity is one of the most frequent findings which persist in 30% to 66% of stroke patients at 6 months [1,2]
The purpose of this study was to use this ultrasound method to explore the association between Glenohumeral subluxation (GHS) and other post-stroke clinical outcomes such as shoulder pain, muscle strength, muscle tone, active range of movement (AROM) and upper limb motor function
The aim of this study was to undertake an exploratory analysis of the association between the ultrasound method of GHS and other post-stroke clinical outcomes in the shoulder and upper limb function
Summary
Impaired motor control of the upper extremity is one of the most frequent findings which persist in 30% to 66% of stroke patients at 6 months [1,2]. It has been suggested that GHS itself may trigger additional post-stroke complications which, in turn, delay restoration of upper limb function [8,9,10]. The results of the studies in the systematic review suggest that the association between pain and GHS is equivocal [14]. Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that muscle strength, external rotation of the shoulder and GHS were associated with upper limb function (adjusted R2 = 0.83, p
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