Abstract
BackgroundExercise is known to be associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL), however, evidence on the association between type of exercise and HRQoL in the general population is limited. We performed this study to investigate the association of exercise types and their combinations with HRQoL in Korean adults.MethodsWe analyzed data from 13,437 adults aged ≥19 years without activity limitations who had participated in the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2012. As per the American College of Sports Medicine guideline, exercise types were categorized into eight groups: walking (W), flexibility (F), resistance (R), W + F, W + R, F + R, and W + F + R exercise groups and a non-exercise group. The European Quality of Life-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) index and the European Quality of Life Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS) were used to assess HRQoL.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 42.8 ± 0.2 years. The proportion of participants in the non-exercise group was the highest (34.7%); among the exercise groups, the walking group was the most prevalent (16.9%) and the W + R group was the least (1.2%). In analysis of covariance, the mean EQ-5D index in W (0.875), W + F (0.878), F + R (0.877), and W + F + R (0.876) groups was significantly higher compared with that in non-exerciser group (0.869) (p < 0.05). The mean EQ-VAS score in the W (64.064), F (64.427), W + F (65.676), F + R (65.811), and W + F + R (67.110) groups was higher than that in the non-exercise group (62.396) (p < 0.05). No difference was observed between R and W + R groups and non-exercise group with regard to the EQ-5D index and EQ-VAS score.ConclusionsThe W (for 30 min at least five times a week), W + F, F + R (at least two days a week), and W + F + R groups showed higher HRQoL than the non-exercise group. This study may be helpful in the development of public exercise interventions, which could help enhance HRQoL in adults.
Highlights
Exercise is known to be associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL), evidence on the association between type of exercise and HRQoL in the general population is limited
Despite interventions to promote physical activity (PA) including exercise in the Korean general population, the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) reported that walking exercise has decreased by 20.1% over the last decade, and aerobic and muscle strength exercise has reduced by 7.9% over the last three years [7]
Characteristics according to type of exercise Participants’ socio-demographic and clinical characteristics according to exercise type groups are shown in Tables 1 and 2
Summary
Exercise is known to be associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL), evidence on the association between type of exercise and HRQoL in the general population is limited. Regular physical activity (PA) is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease [1], diabetes [2], disability, depression, anxiety [3], and all-cause mortality [4]. Concerning types of exercise the ACSM recommends aerobic, flexibility, and resistance exercise [6]. Despite interventions to promote PA including exercise in the Korean general population, the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) reported that walking exercise has decreased by 20.1% over the last decade, and aerobic and muscle strength exercise has reduced by 7.9% over the last three years [7]. The European Quality of Life-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaire has been widely used to measure HRQoL in many population-based surveys because of its simplicity and brevity [14]
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