Association Between Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background: With an estimated 7 million people living with diabetes and more than 3 million with pre-diabetes, Saudi Arabia has the second-highest rate of diabetes in the Middle East and is ranked seventh overall by the World Health Organization. The purpose of the study is to investigate the association between type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease in Saudi Arabia. Methods: The King Saud Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, served as the site of this cross-sectional study. Retrospective data collection methods were used to obtain hospital records between May 2022 and October 2023. The study included both male and female adults over the age of 18 who were diagnosed with DM type 2, hypertension, or dyslipidemia. The authors gathered 920 records, and after filtering the data, they enrolled 520 records that had no missing data and met the study\'s inclusion criteria. Results: More than 70% of our sample were diabetics, while 17.5% (91) had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The association between diabetes mellitus type 2 and (age, sex, education, and occupation of the study patients) showed no significant results. The study included 520 patients with a median age of 34 and an interquartile range (22-65) years. Of the study\'s participants, 40.2% had dyslipidemia. 29.6% of people had hypercholesterolemia, and 12.3% had hypertriglyceridemia. When compared to women, men had about a 2-fold lower incidence of dyslipidemia (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.2-0.7). Conclusion: Our study found that diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were significantly associated; they were also affected by other factors such as gender and body mass index. Additionally, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia were associated with an increased random blood glucose level.