Association between Tulathromycin Treatment for Bovine Respiratory Disease and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles among Gut Commensals and Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Feces of Beef Steers

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the association between a therapeutic dose of tulathromycin for bovine respiratory disease in beef steers and the antimicrobial and multidrug resistance profiles of the gastrointestinal tract commensals Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. and the foodborne pathogens Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter spp. isolated from fecal samples. Individual fecal samples were collected on days 0, 14, and 28 from 70 beef steers that were housed in a single pen and had been treated or not treated with tulathromycin. Samples were cultured for bacterial isolation, and isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility with the broth microdilution method to determine the MICs of clinically relevant antimicrobials used in both human and veterinary medicine. Generalized linear mixed effects models were fitted to estimate the prevalence of the bacterial species and the prevalence of resistant isolates over time and between treated and nontreated cattle and of multidrug-resistant isolates. Model-adjusted mean prevalences of E. coli, Enterococcus spp., S. enterica, and Campylobacter spp. were 99.5, 85.9, 1.5, and 17.7%, respectively. The prevalence of erythromycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. was significantly higher on day 14 (59.7%) than on day 28 (22.2%). A higher prevalence of erythromycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. was found in samples from treated (59.3%) than in samples from nontreated (27.6%) animals. Multidrug resistance (three or more antimicrobial classes) was observed in 8.4% of E. coli isolates and 62.7% of Enterococcus isolates. The administration of tulathromycin was significantly associated with an increased prevalence of erythromycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. isolates.