Abstract
BackgroundTriglyceride–glucose (TyG) index, a simple surrogate marker of insulin resistance, has been reported to be associated with arterial stiffness. However, previous studies were limited by the cross-sectional design. The purpose of this study was to explore the longitudinal association between TyG index and progression of arterial stiffness.MethodsA total of 6028 participants were derived from the Kailuan study. TyG index was calculated as ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Arterial stiffness was measured using brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Arterial stiffness progression was assessed by the annual growth rate of repeatedly measured baPWV. Multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate the cross-sectional association of TyG index with baPWV, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the longitudinal association between TyG index and the risk of arterial stiffness.ResultsMultivariate linear regression analyses showed that each one unit increase in the TyG index was associated with a 39 cm/s increment (95%CI, 29–48 cm/s, P < 0.001) in baseline baPWV and a 0.29 percent/year increment (95%CI, 0.17–0.42 percent/year, P < 0.001) in the annual growth rate of baPWV. During 26,839 person-years of follow-up, there were 883 incident cases with arterial stiffness. Participants in the highest quartile of TyG index had a 58% higher risk of arterial stiffness (HR, 1.58; 95%CI, 1.25–2.01, P < 0.001), as compared with those in the lowest quartile of TyG index. Additionally, restricted cubic spline analysis showed a significant dose–response relationship between TyG index and the risk of arterial stiffness (P non-linearity = 0.005).ConclusionParticipants with a higher TyG index were more likely to have a higher risk of arterial stiffness. Subjects with a higher TyG index should be aware of the following risk of arterial stiffness progression, so as to establish lifestyle changes at an early stage.
Highlights
Triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index, a simple surrogate marker of insulin resistance, has been reported to be associated with arterial stiffness
We presented baseline characteristics of those with at least two brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) tests according to the quartiles of the TyG index, and shown these overall characteristics for participants with only two baPWV tests and those with at least three baPWV tests in Supplement materials
Baseline characteristics A total of 34,099 participants received baPWV tests with complete data of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and TG
Summary
Triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index, a simple surrogate marker of insulin resistance, has been reported to be associated with arterial stiffness. The purpose of this study was to explore the longitudinal association between TyG index and progression of arterial stiffness. Insulin resistance (IR) is regarded as an important contributing factor for arterial stiffness and the development of CVD due to the production of inflammatory factors and the following endothelial damage [7,8,9]. Most previous studies were conducted with a cross-sectional study design, but not a cohort study on the progression of arterial stiffness. We extend previous findings and provide a longitudinal perspective to explore the association between TyG index and the progression of arterial stiffness measured using brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV)
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