Abstract
Introduction Traffic related air pollution (TRAP) has long been associated with the onset of childhood asthma. The relationship between TRAP exposure and the development of childhood asthma phenotypes is less understood. To better understand this relationship, we performed a systematic review of the literature studying childhood TRAP exposure and the development of childhood asthma and wheezing phenotypes (transient, persistent, and late-onset asthma/wheezing phenotypes). Methods A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases for current literature, returning 1706 unique articles. After screening and selection, 7 articles were included in the final review. Due to the low number of articles, no meta-analysis was performed. Results TRAP exposure appears to be associated with both transient and persistent asthma/wheezing phenotypes. However, there was little evidence to suggest a relationship between TRAP exposure and late-onset asthma/wheezing. The differing results may be in part due to the heterogeneity in study methods and asthma/wheezing phenotype definitions, in addition to other factors such as genetics. Conclusion TRAP exposure may be associated with transient and persistent asthma/wheezing phenotypes in children. The low number of studies and differing results suggest that further studies are warranted.
Highlights
Traffic related air pollution (TRAP) has long been associated with the onset of childhood asthma
A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases, yielding 1706 unique articles
Previous studies have looked at TRAP and the onset of childhood asthma, to our knowledge this is the first attempt to systematically evaluate the available literature on the effect of TRAP exposure with the development of childhood asthma or wheezing phenotypes. 7 studies were included for final analysis
Summary
Traffic related air pollution (TRAP) has long been associated with the onset of childhood asthma. Among the first studies to investigate the differences between childhood asthma symptoms was the Tucson Children’s Respiratory Study, which identified 4 separate wheezing phenotypes based on the longitudinal pattern of wheezing that was observed [5] These phenotypic groups were based on the age of wheezing onset and the duration of wheezing and included the following groups: (1) no wheezing, (2) early transient wheezing (wheezing before age of 3 but not at age of 6 years), (3) persistent wheezing (wheezing both before age of 3 and at age of 6 years), and (4) lateonset wheezing (no wheezing before age of 3 but wheezing by age of 6 years) [5].
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