Association Between Total Sleep time and Depression : Findings from a Community Health Survey

Abstract

<b>Background and Objective:</b> This study aimed to investigate the correlation between total sleep time and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), total sleep time and Body mass index (BMI), total sleep time and income. <b>Methods:</b> We used data from the Community Health Survey conducted by the Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2018. A total of 228340 participated in this nationwide survey. Total sleep time was divided into 4 groups and one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) was used to compare the mean values of PHQ-9 of each group. <b>Results:</b> In total, 223334 respondents were included in the study. Based on a one-way ANOVA, the PHQ-9 score was lowest in the group of total sleep time of 7 to 9 hours and highest in the group of total sleep time less than 5 hours. The BMI score generally decreased as the total sleep time increased. However the difference between the BMI score of the group of total sleep time less than 5 hours and 5 to 7 hours was not statistically significant.(p=0.994) When the household income was compared between groups, the income was highest in the group of total sleep time 5 to 7 hours and the lowest in the group of total sleep time less than 5 hours. <b>Conclusions:</b> PHQ-9 score tends to decrease with increasing total sleep time but when the total sleep time was more than 9 hours PHQ-9 score increased instead. Several factors including depression, psychosocial factors may contribute to the correlation between PHQ-9 score and the total sleep time. BMI decreased with increasing total sleep time. Household income was higher with the total sleep time within 5 to 9 hours than the total sleep time less than 5 hours and more than 9 hours.