Abstract
Abstract Objectives The objective of this study was to determine the association between the consumption of dairy foods with markers for folate and vitamin B12 status in a nationally representative sample. Methods Dietary recall data and laboratory data for RBC folate (ng/mL), serum folate (ng/mL) and serum vitamin B12 (pg/mL) from subjects 2 + years old participating in NHANES 2001–2016 were used (N = 61,234 after exclusions). Data were adjusted for age, gender and ethnicity and separate analyses were conducted for ages 2–8, 9–18 and 19 + years (y). Significant associations between quartiles of dairy intake and biomarkers of nutrient status were assessed at P < 0.05. Results Mean intakes of total dairy, milk, cheese and yogurt were 2.22, 1.56, 0.58 and 0.07 cup eq respectively for those 2–8 y; 2.14, 1.25, 0.84 and 0.03 cup eq respectively for those 9–18 y and 1.63, 0.83, 0.72, 0.06 cup eq respectively for 19 + years old. Quartiles of total dairy intake were inversely associated with serum folate (β = −0.61) and positively associated with vitamin B12 (β = 41.8) in 2–8 years old. Quartiles of total dairy intake were positively associated with RBC folate, serum folate and serum vitamin B12 in both those 9–18 y (β = 5.32, 0.55 and 34.4, respectively) and 19 + y (β = 14.6, 0.74 and 19.5, respectively). Similar to total dairy, quartiles of milk intake were inversely associated with RBC folate (β = −8.79) and serum folate (β = −0.57), and positively associated with serum vitamin B12 (β = 51.6) in those 2–8 y. Also, quartiles of milk intake were positively associated with RBC folate, serum folate and serum vitamin B12 in those 9–18 y (β = 3.92, 0.83 and 38.8 respectively) and in those 19 + y (β = 8.68, 1.00 and 17.4 respectively). In contrast to milk and total dairy, quartiles of cheese intake were positively associated with RBC folate only in those 2–8 y (β = 8.40) and in those 19 + y (β = 9.24). Quartiles of yogurt intake were positively associated with RBC folate (β = 5.57) in those 2–8 y; with RBC folate (β = 11.9) and serum folate (β = 0.50) in those 9–18 y; and with RBC folate (β = 16.3), serum folate (β = 0.70) and serum vitamin B12 (β = 16.3) in those 19 + y. Conclusions The results indicate that dairy foods are beneficially associated with RBC folate, serum folate and serum vitamin B12. Funding Sources National Dairy Council.
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