Abstract
Background: Although Asian populations consume relatively large amounts of fish and seafood and have a high prevalence of metabolic diseases, few studies have investigated the association between chronic mercury exposure and metabolic syndrome and its effect modification by selenium. Methods: We analyzed baseline data from the Trace Element Study of Korean Adults in the Yeungnam area. Participants included 232 men and 269 women, aged 35 years or older, who had complete data regarding demographic, lifestyle, diet, toenail mercury and selenium levels, and health. Toenail mercury and selenium concentrations were measured using instrumental neutron-activation analysis. The metabolic biomarker levels were obtained through biannual medical checkups. Results: Higher toenail mercury levels were associated with habitual consumption of whale and shark meats, older age, obesity, smoking, alcohol drinking, and higher household income. Multivariable analysis showed a positive association between toenail mercury exposure and metabolic syndrome. In addition, this association was significantly stronger at lower selenium levels and was weaker at higher selenium levels. Conclusion: The possible harmful effects of mercury on metabolic syndrome may be attenuated by high levels of selenium. Future studies are needed to suggest optimal dietary guidelines regarding fish and selenium intakes, particularly for Asians with high levels of fish intake.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an increasing public health burden, leading to increased risk of other metabolic diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease [1,2,3]
Considering that Asian society has been aging, it is anticipated that this increasing trend will continue; it is critical to identify risk factors associated with MetS in Asian populations
Cumulative evidence has shown that chronic mercury exposure may induce oxidative stress [16,17,18] and inflammation [19], eventually leading to increased risk of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome [20]
Summary
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an increasing public health burden, leading to increased risk of other metabolic diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease [1,2,3]. Cumulative evidence has shown that chronic mercury exposure may induce oxidative stress [16,17,18] and inflammation [19], eventually leading to increased risk of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome [20]. Fish contains selenium, a trace nutrient that may counter the toxic effects of methylmercury [21]. Asian populations consume relatively large amounts of fish and seafood and have a high prevalence of metabolic diseases, few studies have investigated the association between chronic mercury exposure and metabolic syndrome and its effect modification by selenium. Participants included 232 men and 269 women, aged 35 years or older, who had complete data regarding demographic, lifestyle, diet, toenail mercury and selenium levels, and health. Multivariable analysis showed a positive association between toenail mercury exposure and metabolic syndrome
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