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Abstract
BackgroundIn this study, the association between high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection and the vaginal microbiome in pregnant women was evaluated in Chinese cohorts.MethodsThe vaginal bacterial composition of four groups, 38 hrHPV-infected pregnant women (PHR, n = 38), pregnant women without HPV infection (PN, n = 48), nonpregnant women with hrHPV infection (NPHR, n = 19) and nonpregnant women without HPV infection (NPN, n = 30), was characterized by deep sequencing of barcoded 16S rRNA gene fragments (V3–4) using Illumina MiSeq.ResultsThe results revealed that both pregnancy and HPV infection can increase vaginal bacterial microbial richness and diversity, with the bacterial composition being most influenced by pregnancy. Lactobacillus was the most dominant genus among all samples. NPN samples were dominated by CST (community state type) III, mainly composed of Lactobacillus iners. Both pregnancy and hrHPV infection were accompanied by an increased proportion of CST I (dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus), as opposed to CST III. Bifidobacterium, Bacillus, Megasphaera, Sneathia, Prevotella, Gardnerella, Fastidiosipila and Dialister were found to be biomarkers for hrHPV-infected women, though different genera (Bifidobacterium, Megasphaera, Bacillus, Acidovorax, Oceanobacillus and Lactococcus) were associated with hrHPV-infected pregnant women.ConclusionsThis work uncovered a probable synergistic effect of hrHPV infection and pregnancy on the vaginal microbial composition. HPV infection in pregnant women was associated with a more complex and diverse microbial environment.
Highlights
In this study, the association between high-risk human papillomavirus infection and the vaginal microbiome in pregnant women was evaluated in Chinese cohorts
Dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiota during pregnancy has been reported to be associated with many complications of pregnancy, such as an increased risk of miscarriage, preterm birth and endometritis [18, 21, 22], yet few studies have investigated the relationship between Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the vaginal microbiome in pregnant women
Because the vaginal microbiome plays an important role in HPV infection in nonpregnant women, we hypothesized that a different vaginal microbial environment during pregnancy might facilitate HPV infection
Summary
The association between high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection and the vaginal microbiome in pregnant women was evaluated in Chinese cohorts. HPV infection is closely related with cervical cancer and it is present in other anogenital, head and neck cancers. According to their oncogenic potential, more than 100 types of HPV were classified as high-risk, probable high-risk, and. Dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiota during pregnancy has been reported to be associated with many complications of pregnancy, such as an increased risk of miscarriage, preterm birth and endometritis [18, 21, 22], yet few studies have investigated the relationship between HPV infection and the vaginal microbiome in pregnant women. Because the vaginal microbiome plays an important role in HPV infection in nonpregnant women, we hypothesized that a different vaginal microbial environment during pregnancy might facilitate HPV infection
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