Abstract
BackgroundDyslipidaemia and male sex are associated with gallbladder polyp (GBP) formation. However, the potential relation between the non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol-to-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (non-HDL-c/HDL-c) ratio and GBPs in men is unclear.MethodsA total of 1866 eligible subjects were selected for this retrospective cohort study from Wuhan Union Hospital between April 1, 2013, and November 30, 2014. Clinical and laboratory data of subjects were collected. Patients with GBPs or cholecystectomy at baseline, with missing data for baseline lipid profiles, following abdominal ultrasonography or taking lipid-lowering drugs were excluded. The patients were divided into five groups based on their non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratios, and descriptive analyses of the baseline data were performed. A Cox proportional hazards model was applied to estimate the relationship between the non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio and GBPs.ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 1 year, 7.34% (n = 137) of the subjects developed GBPs. Compared with subjects without GBPs, those who developed GBPs after follow-up had significantly higher triglyceride (TG) levels and non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratios. The prevalence of GBPs showed a linearity increment with age, peaked in the 30–39 years group, 40–49 years group and 50–59 years group, and then declined slightly. The results of univariate analysis showed that the non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05–1.60, P = 0.0159) was positively correlated with GBPs. In the fully adjusted Cox regression model, the HRs were 2.24 for quintile 2 (95% CI: 1.13–4.44, P = 0.0203), 1.50 for quintile 3 (95% CI: 0.73–3.10, P = 0.269), 2.52 for quintile 4 (95% CI: 1.26–5.01, P = 0.0087) and 2.13 for quintile 5 (95% CI: 1.04–4.37, P = 0.0397). No interaction was found among the subgroups.ConclusionsA higher non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio is independently related to a higher risk of GBP formation in Chinese men. Further research is needed to investigate whether this association exists in different regions and races.
Highlights
Dyslipidaemia and male sex are associated with gallbladder polyp (GBP) formation
Significant differences were observed among the groups, except for the age, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hypertension, the gallbladder wall (TGW), Table 1 Baseline characteristics and GBP status at the end of follow-up by quintiles of non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c)/HDL-c ratio
The results showed that the non-HDLc/HDL-c ratio (HR = 1.29, 95% Confidence interval (CI), 1.05–1.60, P = 0.0159) was positively correlated with GBPs
Summary
Dyslipidaemia and male sex are associated with gallbladder polyp (GBP) formation. GBPs are elevations of the gallbladder mucosa that protrude into the gallbladder lumen. The estimated prevalence of GBPs in the world is approximately 5% [1]. The incidence of GBPs is approximately 3–7% in abdominal ultrasound scans and 2–12% in cholecystectomy specimens [2]. The incidence of GBPs detected by abdominal ultrasound varies with the study population. The prevalence of GBPs ranges from 1.0–6.9% in the West [3]. GBPs have been reported to have prevalences of 1.4 and 6.1% in Germany [4, 5]. Zheng et al [6] reported that the incidence of GBPs was 7.3% in a large Chinese population
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