Abstract

Chronotype refers to individuals' preferences for timing of sleep and wakefulness. It can be quantified by measuring the midpoint time between the start and end of sleep during free days. Measuring chronotype is helpful to diagnose circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders. The Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) is a self-reported measure of chronotype that calculates the midpoint of sleep on free days based on self-reported bed and wake times. Self-reports of sleep are prone to bias. The objective was to examine the agreement between the MCTQ-derived midpoint and an objective measure obtained using wrist actigraphy. The sleep of 115 participants aged 18–34 (mean = 24, SD = 4.6) was monitored with actigraphy for 4 to 6 consecutive nights. The corrected midpoint of sleep on free days was derived from sleep start and end times on both free days and scheduled days. The corrected midpoint of sleep on free days as measured by the MCTQ was 4:56 (SD = 1 : 16) and by actigraphy was 4:51 (SD = 1 : 23). They were not significantly different (t(87) = 0.66, p = 0.51). A strong correlation was found between these two measurements (r(88) = 0.73, p < 0.001). The 95% limits of agreement were between −1:37:19 and 2:14:38. MCTQ and actigraphy provide similar results for the corrected midpoint of sleep on free days.

Highlights

  • Chronotype refers to preferences for timing of sleep and wakefulness [1, 2]

  • Objective measures can be used to estimate the relationship between the time point of internal biomarkers, such as dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) and core body temperature, and a zeitgeber [8]

  • Actigraphy is a noninvasive, objective measure of sleep that is reliable and valid compared to polysomnography in the measurement of sleep schedule and duration

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Summary

Introduction

Chronotype refers to preferences for timing of sleep and wakefulness [1, 2]. Chronotype reflects individual differences in circadian rhythms [3]. Objective measures can be used to estimate the relationship between the time point of internal biomarkers, such as dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) and core body temperature, and a zeitgeber (environmental cue, such as daylight) [8]. This relationship between the time points of the internal marker and external cue is called phase angle or phase of entrainment [9]. Actigraphy is a noninvasive, objective measure of sleep that is reliable and valid compared to polysomnography in the measurement of sleep schedule and duration It must be worn continuously at nights and requires participants’ compliance

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