Abstract
It is important to assess whether regional progress toward achieving the millennium development goals (MDGs) has contributed to human development and whether this has had an effect on the triple burden of disease in the continent. This analysis investigates the association between the human development index (HDI) and co-occurrence of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria as measured by MDG 6 indicators in 35 selected sub-Saharan African countries from 2000 to 2014. The analysis used secondary data from the United Nations Development Programme data repository for HDI and disease data from WHO Global Health observatory data repository. Generalized Linear Regression Models were used to analyze relationships between HDI and MDG 6 indicators. HDI was observed to improve from 2001 to 2014, and this varied across the selected sub-regions. There was a significant positive relationship between HDI and HIV prevalence in East Africa (β = 0.048 [95% CI: 0.040–0.056], p < 0.001) and Southern Africa (β = 0.032 [95% CI: 0.002–0.062], p = 0.034). A significant positive relationship was observed with TB incidence (β = 0.009 [95% CI: 0.003–0.015], p = 0.002) and a significant negative relationship was observed with malaria incidence (β = -0.020 (95% CI: -0.029 to -0.010, p < 0.001) in East Africa. Observed improvements in HDI from the year 2000 to 2014 did not translate into commensurate progress in MDG 6 goals.
Highlights
IntroductionHIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria (the three together termed as ATM) are three major public health challenges that undermine development in low- and middle-income countries [1]
HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria are three major public health challenges that undermine development in low- and middle-income countries [1]
There was a decline in TB incidence over time, but the incidence was higher in Southern Africa and West Africa and lower in Central and East Africa
Summary
HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria (the three together termed as ATM) are three major public health challenges that undermine development in low- and middle-income countries [1]. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is the region most affected by ATM. In 2013, SSA had an estimated 1.5 million new infections and remains the region most affected by HIV/AIDS [1]. Africa carries a large burden TB with 28% of the approximately 9.6 million new TB cases and the highest rates of deaths reported in 2014 [2]. Of about 214 million malaria cases and 438,000 deaths reported globally in 2014, an estimated 88% of these occurred in Africa [3]. Alleviating poverty, halting the spread of HIV/AIDS, and promoting sustainable development are some of the aspects that formed the core focus of the 2000 United
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