Abstract
The potential association between the K121Q (A/C, rs1044498) polymorphism in the ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (ENPP1) gene and risk of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has been investigated. Nevertheless, the effect of this variant on DKD risk is still under debate, and conflicting results have been reported. To this date, no meta-analysis has evaluated the association of the K121Q polymorphism with DKD. This paper describes the first meta-analysis conducted to evaluate whether the ENPP1K121Q polymorphism is associated with DKD. A literature search was conducted to identify all case-control or cross-sectional studies that evaluated associations between the ENPP1K121Q polymorphism and DKD. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for allele contrast, additive, dominant and recessive inheritance models. Seven studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis, providing data on 3571 type 1 or type 2 diabetic patients (1606 cases with DKD and 1965 diabetic controls without this complication). No significant heterogeneity was observed among the studies included in the meta-analysis when assuming different inheritance models (I² < 50% or P > 0.10 for the entire sample and after stratification by ethnicity). Meta-analysis results revealed significant associations between the K121Q polymorphism and risk of DKD in Asians and Europeans when assuming the different inheritance models analyzed. The most powerful association was observed for the additive model (OR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.27-2.38 for the total sample). In conclusion, the present meta-analysis detected a significant association between the ENPP1K121Q polymorphism and increased susceptibility of DKD in European and Asian populations.
Highlights
The number of people living with diabetes mellitus (DM) worldwide is expected to double between 2000 and 2030 [1,2]
It is worth noting that we aimed to analyze only studies published in English or Spanish, we did not identify any study in another language which analyzed the K121Q polymorphism and diabetic kidney disease
Unpublished results were searched in the abstract books of the Endocrine Society, American Diabetes Association, and European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) Meetings
Summary
The number of people living with diabetes mellitus (DM) worldwide is expected to double between 2000 and 2030 [1,2]. This global increase in the prevalence of DM will lead to a higher incidence of the chronic complications of diabetes [3]. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common diabetic chronic complication [4]. DKD is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease in several countries, and it is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates among diabetic patients [6,7]
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