Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) B radiation-induced vitamin D decreases the risk of infections, and subsequently reduces the development of autoimmune diseases by alteration of the TH1/TH2 balance (Grant WB, 2008, Photochem Photobiol). Furthermore, with multiple immunomodulatory pathways, sunlight, both UVB and UVA, independently suppresses immunity in the skin and internal organs, and reduces microorganisms in environment. On the other hand, neonatal TH2-dominant immunity develops towards tolerance and/or TH1-dominant immunity by complex gene-environment interactions, such as microorganisms, diets and tobacco smoke.
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