Abstract
This study explores the association between soft-drink intake and obesity, depression, and subjective health status in male and female adults. Soft-drink consumption has become a serious public health issue worldwide. Participants of this study were selected (n = 3086) from the respondents in the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016 and divided into the non-soft-drink group (men, 502; women, 1117) and the soft-drink group (men, 684; women, 783). Soft-drink intake data were obtained, using a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire and the 24 h dietary recall. Total energy intake and fat density were significantly higher, but the nutrient densities of carbohydrate, total dietary fiber, and micronutrients were significantly lower in the soft-drink group than in the non-soft-drink group. In men, soft-drink intake was found to be significantly associated with a lower risk of depression. Conversely, in women, soft-drink intake was found to be significantly associated with the higher risks of depression, obesity, and poor subjective health status. Therefore, less frequent soft-drink intake may prevent obesity and depression in Korean women.
Highlights
Soft drinks mainly include soda water, syrup, or other carbonated or noncarbonated beverages containing substantial amounts of added sugars [1]
This study aimed to identify the association between soft-drink intake and obesity, depression, and subjective health status according to sex in adults based on the
This study aimed to identify the association between soft-drink intake and obesity, depression, and subjective health status among men and women by investigating their obesity, depression status, and subjective health status based on the 2016 KNHANES VII-1
Summary
Soft drinks mainly include soda water, syrup, or other carbonated or noncarbonated beverages containing substantial amounts of added sugars [1]. The excessive consumption of soft drinks has become a serious public health issue worldwide [2,3], and it has been suggested that a high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages may contribute to weight gain and obesity by increasing overall energy intake [4]. Studies have shown that depression in obese people is more than twice as high as that in people with normal weight, and that there is an association between depression and obesity [5]. Depression is associated with reduced intake of fruit and vegetable [6], and its severity is related to higher total energy intake from saturated fats and sugars [7] and to higher consumption of sweet foods [8]. A meta-analysis has shown that higher consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is positively associated with depression [9]
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