Abstract
We aimed to examine the association between soft drink consumption and asthma and lung function among Qatari adults. In the cross-sectional study, we used data from 986 Qatari participants aged 20 years and above attending the Qatar Biobank Study. Usual consumption of soft drink was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Lung function was measured by spirometry and asthma was based on self-report. The associations between soft drink consumption and asthma and lung function were assessed using multivariable logistic and linear regression, respectively. In total, 65 participants out of 986 (6.6%) reported having asthma. A clear dose-response relationship between soft drink consumption and asthma was found. High soft drink consumers (≥7 times/week) were 2.60 (95% CI 1.20–5.63) times more likely to have asthma as compared to non-consumers. The association was partly mediated by BMI and inflammation. Diet soft drink consumption was positively associated with asthma (OR 1.12 (95% CI 1.02–1.23)) but not with lung function. Regular soft drink consumption was inversely associated with FEV1, but not with FVC. In conclusion, soft drink consumption is positively associated with asthma in Qatari adults. The association is partly mediated by obesity and inflammation. Limiting soft drink consumption should be taken into consideration for asthma prevention.
Highlights
Asthma is a common chronic pulmonary disease characterized by the clinical presentation of narrowing of airways due to chronic inflammation and bronchospasms [1]
Diet soft drink consumption was positively associated with asthma (OR 1.12) but not with lung function
We found that regular soft drink consumption was inversely associated with FEV1 but not with forced vital capacity (FVC) (Figure S2)
Summary
Asthma is a common chronic pulmonary disease characterized by the clinical presentation of narrowing of airways due to chronic inflammation and bronchospasms [1]. It often overlaps with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [1]. According to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015, 0.4 million people died from asthma globally [2]. The prevalence of asthma was as high as 19.8% in school children in Qatar [3]. Among Qatari adults, the prevalence of asthma was around 9%. Asthma is a multifactorial disease with a complex interplay between genetics and the environment [4]. Several lifestyle and sociodemographic factors have shown to be associated with the risk of asthma, including smoking [5], obesity [6], sedentary lifestyle [4], and lower socioeconomic status [7]
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