Association Between Sleep Medications and Falls and Fall-related Worries in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in the United States

Abstract

Background Falls are the leading cause of unintentional fatal and nonfatal injuries in seniors. Sleep medications are associated with adverse events risk in older adults. The objective of this study is to quantify the relationship between different levels of sleep medication use with falls and fall-related worries in United States adults aged 65 years and older using a nationally representative sample. Methods Using the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study, survey-weighted multiple logistic regression was used to determine the association between participants who reported sleep medication use and the outcomes: falls in the last month, falls in the last year, multiple falls in the last year, fall-related worries, and limitation of activities due to fall-related worries. Results In adjusted analyses, older adults who used sleep medications every night compared to non-users of sleep medications were at increased odds of falls in the last year with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.51 (95% confidence limit [CL] 1.27, 1.78) and of multiple falls with an OR = 1.67 (95% CL 1.35, 2.06). For those who used sleep medications less than every night compared to non-users, there were no statistically significant increased odds of fall outcomes. Older adults who used sleep medication most nights (5–6 nights per week) and every night compared to non-users had increased odds of having fall-related worries with an OR = 1.61 (95% CL 1.06, 2.45) and an OR = 1.32 (95% CL 1.11, 1.58), respectively. Conclusion Older adults who use sleep medication every night are at greater odds of experiencing falls and having fall-related worries. Increased involvement by pharmacists in the community setting and pharmacist-led comprehensive medication reviews are efforts that may reduce sleep medication use and result in fewer falls in older adults.