Abstract
IntroductionWhen migraine undergoes transformation from episodic to chronic form it becomes more disabling due to the refractoriness in treatment and the emergence of comorbidities, with the establishment of a bidirectional relationship between sleep bruxism and chronic migraine. This study aimed to assess whether sleep and awake bruxism are more prevalent in chronic migraine when compared to episodic migraine and also to establish possible clinical correlations with the process of chronification.Methods210 patients were allocated to the study, 97 with episodic migraine and 113 with chronic migraine, who underwent face-to-face interviews with the completion of the scales: specific questionnaire for the diagnosis of sleep and awake bruxism, PHQ-9 (depression), GAD-7 (anxiety), Epworth Scale (daytime sleepiness), MIDAS (migraine incapacity) and HIT-6 (impact of headache). ResultsThe prevalence of sleep and awake bruxism was similar in patients with episodic versus chronic migraine (p = 0.300 and p = 0.238). The correlation of patients with concomitant awake and sleep bruxism and with high scores on the migraine incapacity (MIDAS) and headache impact (HIT-6) scales was higher among patients with chronic migraine than in patients with episodic migraine. (p <0.001 and p <0.001). ConclusionSleep and awake bruxism alone are not more prevalent in chronic migraine when compared to episodic migraine, although bruxism causes greater impact and disability on individuals with chronic migraine.
Highlights
When migraine undergoes transformation from episodic to chronic form it becomes more disabling due to the refractoriness in treatment and the emergence of comorbidities, with the establishment of a bidirectional relationship between sleep bruxism and chronic migraine
This study aimed to assess whether sleep and awake bruxism are more prevalent in chronic migraine when compared to episodic migraine and to establish possible clinical correlations with the process of chronification
This study aimed to assess whether sleep and awake bruxism are more prevalent in chronic migraine when compared to episodic migraine and to establish possible clinical correlations with chronification
Summary
When migraine undergoes transformation from episodic to chronic form it becomes more disabling due to the refractoriness in treatment and the emergence of comorbidities, with the establishment of a bidirectional relationship between sleep bruxism and chronic migraine. The prevalence of the chronic form of migraine in Brazil is 5.12% being characterized by a greater impact on the quality of life, more refractoriness to prophylactic treatments, greater predisposition to comorbidities, disability and loss of productivity, and an increased demand for medical services and hospitalizations that generate a high socioeconomic cost.. Awake Bruxism is an activity of the masticatory muscles that occurs during wakefulness, being characterized by repetitive and prolonged tooth contact and/or locking or protrusion of the jaw. Both are not considered movement disorders in healthy individuals.. Both are not considered movement disorders in healthy individuals. Self-reported sleep bruxism is 13% in the adult population and for awake bruxism the prevalence is 22% in adults and 31% in women and young people. It is estimated that one in five people in the general population have a clinical overlap between sleep and awake bruxism. The presence of bruxism can be associated with environmental and genetic factors, stress, anxiety, depression, alterations in the autonomic system, sleep structure, and use of drugs or medications, and those are in line with the factors and comorbidities related to migraine.
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