Association between skeletal muscle mass and treatment response in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Abstract

Previous studies have demonstrated that a low skeletal muscle mass (SMM) is an adverse factor for overall survival (OS) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, its association with the treatment response has not been extensively investigated. This study aimed to determine the association between low skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and treatment response in DLBCL patients. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 123 patients with DLBCL, in whom SMM was assessed using computed tomography before chemotherapy administration. The demographic characteristics of the patients with low SMM and those with normal SMM were not statistically different. However, there were notable differences in weight and BMI; patients with low SMM had a lower mean weight (59.2 vs 63, p = 0.002) and a higher proportion of patients with normal BMI (61.5% vs. 21.1%, p < 0.001). In addition, patients with low SMM were more likely to receive R-CHOP-like treatment (21.2% vs. 7%, p = 0.022) and experienced more delays in administration (42.9% vs. 33.3%, p = 0.452). Low SMM was not associated with failure to achieve CR (HR 1.9; 95% CI [0.9–4.1] p = 0.84), but it was reported to risk OS in univariate analysis (HR 2.1; 95% CI [1.03–4.2], p = 0.041). An interesting result was the interaction of low SMM with hypertension as a risk factor for not achieving CR (HR 2.7; 95% CI [1.1–6.5] p = 0.034) or OS (HR 7.9; 95% CI [3.4–18.8] p < 0.001). Low SMM was not a risk factor for achieving CR in patients with DLBCL and seemed to play a role in OS.