Abstract
BackgroundThe studies, investigating the association of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) are limited with controversial conclusions. Therefore, this study aimed at revealing the specific relationship between the serum LDL-C levels and MetS prevalence in a large working population.MethodsSecondary data analysis of a cross-sectional study, conducted between 2012 and 2016 in Spain on participants aged within the range of 20–70 years, involved 60,799 workers. Logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the association between the levels of serum LDL-C and MetS prevalence.ResultsAmong the 60,799 workers, the prevalence of MetS was 9.0%. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of MetS prevalence were 1.27 (1.16–1.39) and 1.53 (1.41–1.65) for the individuals with the LDL-C levels in lower (< 103.8 mg/dL) and upper (> 135.8 mg/dL) tertiles as compared to those with the LDL-C levels in middle tertile (103.8–135.8 mg/dL) in the studied population. Similarly, a U-shaped relationship was also observed in male cohort. The serum LDL-C levels associated with the lowest risk of current MetS were 113.6 mg/dL and 117.6 mg/dL in the overall studied population and male cohort, respectively. The female workers with the levels of LDL-C higher than 135.0 mg/dL had an increased prevalence of MetS (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe low and high levels of serum LDL-C were associated with an increased prevalence of MetS in the working population and in male workers. Only the high (> 135.0 mg/dL) levels of LDL-C increased MetS prevalence in female workers.
Highlights
The studies, investigating the association of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) are limited with controversial conclusions
The male participants accounted for 57.3% of the total studied population and showed a significant U-shaped association between the levels of serum LDL-C and MetS prevalence, while in the female cohort, only the high levels of LDL-C (> 135.0 mg/dL) were observed to be related to an increased MetS prevalence. These findings indicated that the gender-specific management of LDLC levels might be needed to prevent the development of MetS, such as the maintenance of lower LDL-C levels might be beneficial for women, but not necessarily for men
The lack of several variables in the raw data limited a further subgroup analysis. Both the low and high levels of serum LDL-C were observed to be related to the increasing prevalence of MetS both in the working population and male workers
Summary
The studies, investigating the association of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) are limited with controversial conclusions. This study aimed at revealing the specific relationship between the serum LDL-C levels and MetS prevalence in a large working population. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) consists of a cluster of metabolic abnormalities, including abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, systemic hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia [1,2,3,4]. It has a high prevalence worldwide and can increase the risk of many other disorders, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, liver disease, type II diabetes mellitus, and mental illness [1, 2, 5,6,7,8].
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