Association between serum long-chain n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles and glomerular filtration rate assessed by serum creatinine and cystatin C levels in Japanese community-dwellers.

Aya Higashiyama,Masami Konishi,Yoshimi Kubota,Mikio Marumo,Yoshiko Yamashita,Ichiro Wakabayashi,Tomonori Okamura,Kunihiro Nishimura,Yoshihiro Fukuda

doi:10.2188/jea.je20140093

Abstract

BackgroundPlasma concentration of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been reported to be associated with renal function in Western populations. However, few studies have investigated the association between serum long-chain n-3 and n-6 PUFA profiles and renal function in a Japanese population with high marine-derived long-chain n-3 PUFA intake.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed in 549 Japanese rural community-dwellers aged 40 to 64 years. In adjusted analysis of covariance, we assessed the relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and tertiles of serum long-chain n-3 and n-6 PUFA profiles ([eicosapentaenoic acid {EPA} + docosahexaenoic acid {DHA}]:arachidonic acid [AA]). GFR was estimated by Japanese specific equations using serum creatinine and cystatin C (eGFRcre and eGFRcys). Using multivariate-adjusted linear regression models, we also assessed the relationships between eGFRs and several n-3 and n-6 PUFAs, which have been suggested to be associated with renal function.ResultsIn all participants, higher dietary fish intake as assessed by a semi-quantitative questionnaire was associated with higher serum value of (EPA+DHA):AA. Participants in the higher (EPA+DHA):AA tertiles had non-significantly higher eGFRcre and significantly higher eGFRcys (P = 0.016). In addition, eGFRcys in T2+T3 of (EPA+DHA):AA was significantly higher than that in T1 (adjusted mean eGFRcys, T1: 87 ml/min/1.73 m2, T2+T3: 91 ml/min/1.73 m2; P < 0.01). Among the PUFAs, only (EPA+DHA) was significantly associated with eGFRcys.ConclusionsSerum (EPA+DHA):AA, which reflects an individual’s fish intake, might be associated with eGFRcys in Japanese community-dwellers.

Highlights

N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been suggested to be protective against the development of renal dysfunction
The higher serum (EPA+DHA):AA tertile was significantly associated with higher fish intake in Japanese community-dwelling men and women
The present study is the first to investigate the relationships between serum long-chain n-3 and n-6 PUFA profile and eGFRcys

Summary

Introduction

N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been suggested to be protective against the development of renal dysfunction. According to a previous community-based study in Italy, plasma concentration of n-3 PUFAs was inversely associated with age-associated decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).[1] The Japanese population is unique because it has high fish intake; Japanese people tend to have high serum long-chain n-3 PUFA levels,[2] which may be associated with low risk of coronary artery disease.[3,4] the relationship between serum longchain n-3 PUFA levels and renal function has not been investigated in Japanese community-dwellers. In adjusted analysis of covariance, we assessed the relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and tertiles of serum long-chain n-3 and n-6 PUFA profiles ([eicosapentaenoic acid {EPA} + docosahexaenoic acid {DHA}]:arachidonic acid [AA]). Conclusions: Serum (EPA+DHA):AA, which reflects an individual’s fish intake, might be associated with eGFRcys in Japanese community-dwellers

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