Abstract
(1) Background: Adolescence is a transient period from childhood to adulthood, which is characterized by rapid physical growth and psychological changes, including sleep. Because the relationship between insufficient sleep and obesity has been observed in children and adults, the potential links between sleep, dietary intake, and nutrition have received increased attention. We aimed to examine the association of sleep duration with dietary nutrients intake in South Korean adolescents; (2) Methods: This population-based, cross-sectional study analyzed the data obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2013 and 2015. Data related to 1422 adolescents aged 12–18 years (741 males and 681 females) were included in the analysis. Sleep duration was assessed using a self-reported questionnaire. Nutrient intake, including daily total energy intake, was assessed with a 24-h dietary recall questionnaire; (3) Results: Most males (84.4%) and females (86.4%) reported < 9 h of sleep per night. Short sleep duration was inversely associated with body mass index and obesity in both sexes. We found that higher intake of fiber and lower intake of sodium were associated with longer sleep duration (P < 0.05). When comparing the intake above and below the estimated average requirements (EAR), the difference in sleep duration was significant in the group that consumed vitamins B1 and C below EAR; (4) Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that sleep duration can be associated with intake of some nutrients, which may also be associated with obesity in adolescents. Therefore, it is possible to prevent obesity and its complications by controlling the sleep duration and intake of nutrients of adolescents.
Highlights
Adolescence is a transient period from childhood to adulthood, which is characterized by rapid physical growth and psychological changes, including sleep
The exact mechanism of association between dietary intake and sleep duration is not clear, several possibilities have been suggested as follows: (1) short sleep duration increased free time to eat foods [11]; (2) sleep deprivation has been associated with activation of the stress system, which has been associated with decreased leptin and elevated ghrelin levels and increased insulin insensitivity [12,13], and a short sleep duration has been associated with decreased levels of thyroid stimulating hormone and growth hormone that stimulate the basal metabolic rate [14,15], whereas some studies have reported that manipulating the diet can alter sleep duration and quality
Survey Overview and Study Subjects. This population-based, cross-sectional study analyzed the data of South Korean adolescents who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) between
Summary
Received: 13 September 2020; Accepted: 6 November 2020; Published: 8 November 2020. Abstract: (1) Background: Adolescence is a transient period from childhood to adulthood, which is characterized by rapid physical growth and psychological changes, including sleep. We aimed to examine the association of sleep duration with dietary nutrients intake in South. Sleep duration was assessed using a self-reported questionnaire. Nutrient intake, including daily total energy intake, was assessed with a 24-h dietary recall questionnaire; (3) Results: Most males (84.4%) and females (86.4%) reported < 9 h of sleep per night. Short sleep duration was inversely associated with body mass index and obesity in both sexes. We found that higher intake of fiber and lower intake of sodium were associated with longer sleep duration (P < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that sleep duration can be associated with intake of some nutrients, which may be associated with obesity in adolescents. It is possible to prevent obesity and its complications by controlling the sleep duration and intake of nutrients of adolescents
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