Abstract
This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between self-reported chewing status and glycemic control in 30,938 Japanese adults who participated in health checkups. Chewing status was evaluated using a self-reported questionnaire. We defined high hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels as a HbA1c level ≥6.5%; 692 (2.2%) respondents met this criterion. After adjusting for gender, age, smoking status, exercise habits, body mass index and eating speed, high HbA1c levels was found to be associated with male gender (odds ratio (OR), 1.568; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.310 to 1.878; p < 0.001), older age (OR, 1.077; 95% CI, 1.068 to 1.087; p < 0.001), higher body mass index (OR, 1.246; 95% CI, 1.225 to 1.268; p < 0.001), current smoker status (OR, 1.566; 95% CI, 1.303 to 1.882; p < 0.001) and chewing difficulty (OR, 1.302; 95% CI, 1.065 to 1.591; p < 0.05). In conclusion, self-reported chewing difficulty was associated with high HbA1c levels in Japanese adults.
Highlights
Diabetes is a lifestyle-related disease characterized by high blood sugar levels and it leads to complications, such as neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy [1]
The present study examined whether the self-reported chewing status is associated with glycemic control in a Japanese population that underwent regular health checkups [8]
The results showed that the odds ratio (OR) for high Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels was higher among those who were male
Summary
Diabetes is a lifestyle-related disease characterized by high blood sugar levels and it leads to complications, such as neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy [1]. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) serves as a biomarker for testing and monitoring diabetes, because it reflects changes in blood glucose levels [4] and it can be applied to guide strategies for diabetes treatment and to control and predict the risk of progressive complications of diabetes [5]. The monitoring of HbA1c is important for the development of appropriate strategies to prevent diabetes and its associated complications. Some studies have reported relationships between chewing status and glycemic control. A clinical study reported that insufficient chewing status was more frequently seen in subjects with a HbA1c level ≥7% than in those with a level
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