Abstract
Quantification of the association between selenium and risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is still conflicting. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to explore the relationship between selenium levels and OAC risk. PubMed and Web of Knowledge were searched for the related articles. Pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from random effects models were calculated. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were conducted. Dose–response relationship was assessed by restricted cubic spline and variance-weighted least squares regression analysis. Five articles involving 748 OAC cases were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled results suggest that higher selenium level was not significantly associated with the risk of OAC (summary RRs=1.08, 95% CIs=0.84–1.39, I2=0%). Besides, no significant association was found in case-control studies (summary RRs=1.13, 95% CIs=0.84–1.52, I2=0%) or cohort studies (summary RRs=0.99, 95% CIs=0.55–1.78, I2=32.6%). A linear dose–response relationship was attested that an increase in dietary selenium intake of 10 μg/day is marginally associated with 1% increase in the risk of developing OAC (summary RRs=1.01, 95% CIs=0.99–1.03), but not statistically significant. No publication bias was found. In conclusion, our analysis indicated that a higher selenium level was not significantly associated with the risk of OAC. The relevant further studies are warranted.
Highlights
Over the past several decades, the incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) has risen more rapidly in many highincome countries for reasons that are not well understood [1,2,3]
Our dose–response analysis indicates that an increase in selenium intake of 10 μg/day is marginally associated with 1 % increase in the risk of developing OAC, but not statistically significant (Figure 3)
Egger’s test (P = 0.738) and Begg’s funnel plot (Figure 4) showed no evidence of significant publication bias was found between the association of selenium levels and OAC risk. The findings from this meta-analysis indicated that selenium were not significantly associated with the risk of OAC
Summary
Over the past several decades, the incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) has risen more rapidly in many highincome countries for reasons that are not well understood [1,2,3]. Previous and recent studies had reported that white race, male gender, obesity and tobacco smoking are all major OAC risk factors [5,6]. Several studies reported inverse associations with consumption of fruit and vegetables for the risk of OAC [7,8]. The effect of selenium on the risk of OAC is still unknown. We hypothesized that higher levels of selenium would be associated with a reduced risk of developing OAC. To investigate this hypothesis, we conducted a meta-analysis to (1) explore the relationship between selenium levels and OAC risk; (2) evaluate the possible dose–response relationship of selenium and OAC; and (3)
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