Association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and de novo HLA donor specific antibody production in lung transplant recipients: Single-center study

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant morbidity and mortality in lung transplant recipients. Respiratory viral infections may be associated with de-novo HLA donor-specific antibody production and impact lung transplant outcome. Since one of the immunomodulation strategies post-SARS-CoV-2 infection in lung transplant recipients include decreasing or holding anti-metabolites, concerns have been raised for higher incidence of de-novo HLA donor specific antibody production in lung transplant recipients. We performed a retrospective chart review of 24 consecutive lung transplant recipients diagnosed with COVID-19 to investigate this concern. We observed no significant differences in the CPRA or MFI levels of HLA class I and II antibodies pre- COVID-19 compared to 1 and 6 months post-COVID-19 diagnosis in 11/24 (45.8 %) LTR (p = 0.98 and p = 0.63 respectively). HLA class I and II DSA were detected in 5/24 LTR pre-COVID-19 diagnosis and persisted with no significant differences in the median MFI levels at 1 and 6 months post-COVID-19 diagnosis (p = 0.89). De-novo HLA class I and II DSA were detected in 1/24 (4.2 %) LTR at one month post-COVID-19 diagnosis and persisted with no significant differences in the median MFI levels at 1 and 6 months post-COVID-19 diagnosis (p = 0.54). Our results suggest that there was no significant association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunomodulation on pre-existing or de novo HLA donor specific antibodies.