Association between sagittal abdominal diameter-to-height ratio and arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease among the United States adults: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

ObjectivesAbdominal obesity is recognized as a significant determinant of Arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), with sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) being considered a more precise indicator of visceral fat. Nevertheless, the association between SAD and ASCVD remains unexplored in large-scale general-population studies. MethodsThe study included 11,211 participants aged 20 to 80 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Logistic regression models were utilized to evaluate the association between the SAD-to-height ratio (SADHtR) and ASCVD. Subgroup analyses based on age categories, sex, diabetes, and hypertension were conducted to assess result robustness. ResultsThe median SADHtR value was 0.13 (0.12–0.15), and 1,006 cases (7.46 %) of ASCVD were recorded. Multivariable models showed that each standard deviation increase in SADHtR was positively associated with higher odds of ASCVD (OR 1.48, 95 % CI 1.36–1.62 in model 1; OR 1.41, 95 % CI 1.28–1.54 in model 2; OR 1.18, 95 % CI 1.08–1.30 in model 3). Comparing the first quartile of SADHtR to the second to fourth quartiles, positive associations with ASCVD were observed in models 1 and 2. However, in model 3, only the fourth quartile of SADHtR remained statistically significant (OR 1.58, 95 % CI 1.17–2.15), with all p-values for the trend being less than 0.05. No interactions were found in the subgroup analyses. ConclusionThis study demonstrates a positive association between SADHtR and ASCVD in the general adult population of the United States. Our findings indicate that SADHtR, especially when ≥ 0.155, could be a valuable metric for assessing the risk of ASCVD.