Abstract
Introducción. La psicofisiología de la respuesta emocional en la adolescencia es un factor clave en la comprensión de conductas de riesgo y desadaptación.Objetivo. Comparar especificidades de la reacción psicofisiológica emocional entre adolescentes con y sin conductas de riesgo.Materiales y métodos. Las medidas consistieron en la caracterización de conductas de riesgo (CR), variaciones en la frecuencia cardiaca (FC) electromiografía (EMG), conductancia de la piel (CP) y temperatura durante la presentación de estímulos emocionales visuales, así como la calificación en parámetros de valencia emocional, activación y dominancia de dichos estímulos.Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los adolescentes con CR comparados con aquellos que no las presentaban: se detectaron signos de mayor reacción psicofisiológica a los estímulos emocionales.Conclusiones. El grupo control se caracterizó por una bradicardia inicial más expresiva en comparación con el grupo con CR, ambos grupos mostraron desaceleración cardíaca más pronunciada ante estímulos desagradables, niveles más altos en EMG ante estímulos agradables en el grupo con RB e indicadores más elevados de CP ante los tres tipos de estímulo. Se requiere un estudio de cohorte a fin de comparar los hallazgos actuales en CR frente a la reacción fisiológica emocional entre los grupos de adolescentes.
Highlights
MethodsCharacterization of risk behaviors (RB), variations in the heart rate (HR), electromyography (EMG), skin conductance (SC) and temperature during the presentation of visual emotional stimuli
The psychophysiology of emotional response in adolescence is a crucial factor for understanding risk and deviant behaviors.Introducción
Significant differences were found among risk behaviors (RB) adolescents compared to the non-risk group, as well as signs of major psychophysiological response to emotionally loaded stimuli in RB when compared to the control group
Summary
Characterization of risk behaviors (RB), variations in the heart rate (HR), electromyography (EMG), skin conductance (SC) and temperature during the presentation of visual emotional stimuli. The subjects included in this study, RB and control group, were directly invited to participate. RB participants were adolescents who, according to their high school teachers and school psychologists, presented one or more of the behaviors of interest of this study (impulsivity, risk sexual behavior, alcohol, tobacco and drug use, and unhealthy physical inactivity). All participants were subjected to a brief cognitive assessment, measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to ensure the minimum executive performance needed for this study. The dimensional groups were: a) impulsive behaviors that lead to accidents, b) alcohol and tobacco use; c) drugs use, d) sexual risk behavior that leads to undesired pregnancy or sexual transmission disease, and e) physical inactivity
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