Abstract
ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify the 15-year trends of handgrip strength-to-weight (relative HS) and assess the association between relative HS and hypertension among Chinese adults aged 20–69.MethodsUsing a complex, stratified, multistage probability cluster sampling, we analyzed data collected from 712,442 adults aged 20–69 years in four successive national surveys (2000–2014). We used a handheld dynamometer to measure strength and divided by body weight to calculate the relative HS. Blood pressure was recorded with a sphygmomanometer and hypertension was defined as resting systolic blood pressure at least 140 mmHg or diastolic at least 90 mmHg. The Mann-Kendall trend test examined trends in relative HS over time. We also computed odd ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) by tertile of relative HS and examined the association between relative HS and hypertension.ResultsThe relative HS level decreased with the increase of age in both male and females (p trend <0.001). In each of four surveys, one interquartile decrease in relative HS was associated with an increased risk of hypertension by 44% (OR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.40–1.47), 58% (OR = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.54–1.62), 48% (OR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.45–1.52), 43% (OR = 1.43, 95%CI: 1.40–1.47), respectively.ConclusionIn the Chinese adult population, the relative HS level decreased from 2000 to 2014 across all ages in both males and females. A lower relative HS was associated with a higher risk of hypertension. The findings provided evidence for the association between muscle strength and hypertension in large-scaled population.
Highlights
Hypertension is a common health problem worldwide [1]
The relative handgrip strength (HS) level decreased with the increase of age in both male and females (p trend
In each of four surveys, one interquartile decrease in relative HS was associated with an increased risk of hypertension by 44% (OR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.40–1.47), 58% (OR = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.54–1.62), 48% (OR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.45–1.52), 43% (OR = 1.43, 95%CI: 1.40–1.47), respectively
Summary
The China Patient-Centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events (PEACE) study indicated that nearly half of Chinese adults aged 35–75 years old had hypertension, and fewer than one in twelve were in control of their blood pressure [2]. The poor blood pressure control warrants greater efforts on primary prevention in China [2, 3]. Regular exercise is an essential component of a lifestyle intervention for the primary prevention of hypertension [4]. Absolute handgrip strength (HS) is commonly used as a surrogate measurement of overall muscle strength, which can be developed by regular exercise [5, 6]. We have observed a decreasing absolute HS with rising age in both sexes among the Chinese population during the past 15 years [8]
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