Association between RBC Indices, Anemia, and Obesity-Related Diseases Affected by Body Mass Index in Iranian Kurdish Population: Results from a Cohort Study in Western Iran.

Maryam Kohsari,Zohreh Rahimi,Atefeh Moradi,Mehdi Moradinazar,Ebrahim Shakiba,Farid Najafi,Yahya Pasdar,Christian S Goebl

doi:10.1155/2021/9965728

Maryam Kohsari, Zohreh Rahimi + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9965728

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Abstract

Objective The relationship between RBC indices and metabolic diseases remains unclear. The association between anemia and obesity is also controversial. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between RBC indices and metabolic diseases caused by obesity and evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on RBC indices on the Ravansar cohort data. Method For the purpose of this study, 9826 participants aged 35–65 years (5158 females and 4668 males) were recruited in the analyses. A quadratic prediction fit plot investigated the association between RBC indices with BMI and lipid profile. The odds ratio of obesity-related diseases in each quartile category of RBC indices and anemia was estimated using multivariable logistic regression models. Results Subjects in the fourth quartiles of RBC count, hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (HGB), and red cell distribution width (RDW) had a higher risk for obesity-related diseases compared to the first quartiles. However, individuals with the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in fourth quartiles had lower ORs of obesity-related diseases. While BMI reduced the effect of RBC count, HCT, HGB, and RDW on the incidence risk of obesity-related disease, it increased the impact of MCV, MCH, and MCHC. There was a negative association between BMI and RBC indices except for RDW. The BMI effect on RBC indices was different in normal and obese individuals. BMI in mild anemia lowered the risk of metabolic diseases, but it increased the risk of metabolic diseases for moderate anemia. Conclusion A higher risk of obesity-related diseases was observed in the fourth quartiles of RBC count, HCT, HGB, and RDW compared to the first quartiles. However, the incidence risk was lower for MCV, MCH, and MCHC. BMI plays an anemia-type dependent role in the relationship. Consideration should be given to the type of anemia in the relationship between BMI and anemia.

Highlights

Obesity is defined as the body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 [1]. e rate of obesity has grown so dramatically in the last three decades that in 2014, almost 30% of the world’s population was considered overweight and obese, and the number is estimated to reach 50% mark by 2030 [2]. e role of obesity in metabolic diseases including diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic syndrome (MetS) [3], and hypertension (HTN) [4] is clearly understood
The role of red blood cell (RBC) indices was identified in metabolic diseases. e complete blood count (CBC) test which is routinely administered in medical examinations can be utilized in the early detection of metabolic disorders [7]
We found that BMI decreased the metabolic disease incidence risk in mild anemia and increased it in moderate anemia, indicating that the type and the severity of anemia should be considered when examining the relationship between anemia and obesity. e effect of BMI on the association between obesity-related disorders and RBC indices decreased in the odds ratio (OR)

Summary

Introduction

Obesity is defined as the body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 [1]. e rate of obesity has grown so dramatically in the last three decades that in 2014, almost 30% of the world’s population was considered overweight and obese, and the number is estimated to reach 50% mark by 2030 [2]. e role of obesity in metabolic diseases including diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic syndrome (MetS) [3], and hypertension (HTN) [4] is clearly understood. Obesity has a potent correlation with dyslipidemia that contributes to CVD risk developments [5], and an increase in BMI leads to the progression of heart damage [4] and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) [6]. The role of red blood cell (RBC) indices was identified in metabolic diseases. A number of reports have suggested that red cell distribution width (RDW) reduced the risk of MetS [8] and International Journal of Endocrinology increased the risk of CVD [9] and NAFLD [10]. NAFLD and CVD are diseases in which inflammation plays an influential role According to these studies, RDW is associated with inflammation that may increase in response to proinflammatory cytokines. Cytokines act as RBC suppressors and raise the number of immature RBC, and RDW increased [9, 10]

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